Comparing the Image of Man between the Islamic and Western Sources
Abstract
Purpose: The study aims to uncover the principles of the concept of Man, defined in the Holy Quran and the Prophet's Sunnah, namely, his thought, instincts, beliefs and actions to reveal his various higher characteristics: masculinity, virility, chivalry, and being a comprehensive leader. This is in addition to his lower characteristics such as being a man who carries the nature of a fox, a peacock or a dog. It sets them as standards while tracing Man’s biography in the fields of knowledge, in order to remind human beings of the original concept - human instinct – in an attempt to preserve what is left of it and save human civilization from "fitnah (disorder), calamity and destruction."
Methodology: The study is based on the deductive analytical method when it comes to analysis of concepts, the comparative critical method when balancing between fields of knowledge and scientific divisions, and the inductive method whenever it is necessary to examine the relationship of concepts to reality.
Findings: The study highlights the place of the concept of man. The Holy Quran targets the human being. Renaissance begins by rebuilding Man, and has four aspects: intellectual, instinctive, doctrinal, and a practical renaissance. All are achieved by religious education, starting with Islamic education and the pillars of Islam, then Eman (faith) education and the pillars of Eman, then Ihsan (excellence) education and the pillars of Ihsan. These produce four images that serve as moral ranks: the image of masculinity, virility, chivalry, and the image of the comprehensive leader. The study recommends the establishment of a system of education, governed by these stages.
Originality: This appears in the fact that the study is the first academic study linking the concept of man to the three Islamic religious experiences: the Islamic experience, The Eman experience and the Ihsan experience and the resulting routes that place man in the ranks of masculinity, virility, chivalry and comprehensive leader.
Metrics
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Islamic experiencefaith experiencecompassionate experiencemasculinitychivalry
• Abdullah, Muhammad Mahmud, Al-Handasah Al-Wirathiyyah fi Al-Quran Al-Karim wa Asrar Al-Ruh wa Khalq Al-Insan, (In Arabic), (Egypt: Maktabat Al-Iman bi Al-Mansurah, 1424), 1st ed..
• Al-Ashqar, Omar Sulayman, Sharh Ibn Al-Qayyim li-Asma Allah Al-Husna, (In Arabic), (Jordan: Dar Al Nafais, 1428 A.H.), 1st ed..
• Al-Baji, Abu Al-Walid Sulayman, Al-Muntaqa Sharh Al-Muwatta, (In Arabic), (Cairo: Dar Al-Kutub Al- Islami, 1332 A.H.), Vol 2, 1st ed..
• Al-Baydawi, Abdullah ibn Omar, Anwar Al-Tanzil wa Asrar Al-Tawil, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turath). 1st ed..
• Al-Bukhari, Abu Abdillah Muhammad ibn Ismail, Sahih Al-Bukhari, (In Arabic), (Damascus: Dar Ibn Kathir, 1423 A.H.), 1st ed..
• Al-Buti, Ramadan, Kubra Al-Yaqiniyyat Al-Kawniyyah, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Muasir, 1417 A.H.), 8th ed..
• Al-Farahidi, Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad, Kitab Al-Ayn, (In Arabic), ed. Abd Al-Hamid Hindawi, (Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, 1424 A.H.) 1st ed..
• Al-Fayruzabadi, Majd Al-Din Muhammad ibn Yaqub, Al-Qamus Al-Muhit, (In Arabic), ed. Maktab Tahqiq Al-Turath fi Muassasat Al-Risalah, (Beirut: Muassasat Al-Risalah, 1426), 8th ed..
• Al-Fayyumi, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ali, Al-Misbah Al-Munir, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Maktabat Lubnan, 1987).
• Al-Harawi, Abdullah Al-Ansari, Manazil Al-Sairin, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, 1408).
• Al-Hasani, Abi Al-Baqa Ayyub ibn Musa, Al-Kulliyyat: Mujam fi Al-Mustalahat wa Al-Furuq Al Lughawiyyah,(In Arabic), (Beirut, Muassasat Al-Risalah, 1429), 2nd ed..
• Al-Khatib, Abdul-Karim, Al-Insan fi Al-Quran Al-Karim min Al-Bidayah ila Al-Nihayah, (In Arabic), (Cairo: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi), 1st ed..
• Al-Mawardi, Abu Al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Habib Al-Basri, Adab Al-Dunya wa Al-Din, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dar Al-Minhaj, 1434), 1st ed..
• Al-Nashar, Ali Sami, Democrates: Faylasuf Al-Tharrah wa Atharahu fi Al-Fikr Al-Falsafi hatta Al- Usur Al-Hadithah, (Alexandria: Al-Hayah Al-Misriyyah Al-Amah li Al-Kitab).
• Al-Nashar, Ali Sami, Nashat Al-Fikr Al-Falsafi fi Al-Islam, (In Arabic), (Cairo: Dar Al-Marif, 1995), 9th ed..
• Al-Qarni, Ali ibn Abdillah, Al-Fitrah: Haqiqatuha wa Mathahibu Al-Nasi fiha, (In Arabic), (Riyadh: Dar Al Muslim, 1424), 1st ed..
• Al-Qasimi Muhammad Jamal Al-Din, Mahasin Al-Tawil, (In Arabic), ed. Muhammad Fuad Abdul- Baqi, (1376 A.H), 2nd ed..
• Al-Razi, Fakhr Al-Din, Mafatih Al-Ghayb, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Muassasat Al-Mukhtar, 1401), 1st ed..
• Al-Shahmi, Muhammad Sad Khalaf-Allah, Sunan Al-Fitrah, (In Arabic), (Dubai: Dairat Al-Shun Al- Islamiyyah, 1421 A.H.), 1st ed..
• Al-Sharawi, Muhammad Mutawalli, Asma Allah Al-Husna, (In Arabic), (Cairo: Akhbar Al-Yawm – Qita Al-Thaqafah, 1993).
• Al-Shatibi, Ibrahim ibn Musa, Al-Muwafaqat, (In Arabic), (Saudi Arabia: Dar Ibn Affan, 1997), 5th ed..
• Al-Shawkani, Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Muhammad, Fath Al-Qadir, (In Arabic), (KSA: Wizarat Al- Shun Al-Islamiyyah, 1431 A.H.).
• Al-Shihristani, Abi Al-Fath Muhammad ibn Abdul-Karim, Al-Milal wa Al-Nihal, (In Arabic), (Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah), 3rd ed..
• Al-Sulami, Abdul-Rahman Muhammad ibn Al-Husayn, Al-Futuwwah, (In Arabic), ed. Ihsan Thannun Al-Thamiri, (Amman: Dar Al-Razi, 1422), 1st ed..
• Al-Suyuti, Jalal Al-Din, Tafsir Al-Jalalayn, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Maktabat Lubnan Nashirun, 2003), 1st ed..
• Al-Zamakhshari, Abu Al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Omar ibn Muhammad ibn Omar, Tafsir Al-Kashaf, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dar Al-Marifah li Al-Tibah, 1430 A.H.), 3rd ed..
• Aristotle, Al-Tabiah, (In Arabic), trans. Ishaq ibn Hanin, ed. Abdul-Rahman Badawi, (Cairo: Al-Hayah Al-Misriyyah Al-Amah lil-Kitab). 1st ed..
• Ashur, Al-Saed, Al-Insan fi Al-Quran Al-Karim, (In Arabic), (Cairo: Dar Gharib).
• Bihr, Alaiw and Pfefferkorn, Roland, Les enjeux ideologiques et théoriques d’un (nouveau paradigm), l’exclusion revue, n28, 2001.
• Darwin, Charles, Asl Al-Anwa, (In Arabic), (Cairo: Al-Muassasah Al-Misriyyah Al-Amah, 2005).
• Hans, Wehr. A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, Edited by J Milton Cowanm third edition, Ithaca. New york, 1976. P731.
• Ibn Al-Jawzi, Abu Al-Faraj Abdul-Rahman, Zad Al-Masir, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Al-Maktab Al-Islami, 1423 A.H.), 1st ed..
• Ibn Al-Mimar, Muhammad ibn Abi Al-Makarim, Kitab Al-Futuwwah, (In Arabic), ed. Mustafa Jawad, (Baghdad: Matbat Shafiq. Nashr Makatabt Al-Muthanna), 1st ed..
• Ibn Faris, Abu Al-Hasan Ahmad, Mujam Maqayis Al-Lughah, (In Arabic), ed. Abd Al-Salam Harun, (Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, 1399 A.H.)
• Ibn Jinni, Abu Al-Fath Uthman, Al-Khasais, (In Arabic), (Cairo, Al-Maktabah Al-Ilmiyyah Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, Vol 1).
• Ibn Kathir, Abi Al-Fida Ismail, Tafsir Al-Quran Al-Azim, (In Arabic), (Cairo, Muassasat Al-Mukhtar, 1423 A.H.), Vol 1, 3rd ed..
• Ibn Manzur, Muhammad, Lisan Al-Arab, (In Arabic), ed. Abdullah Ali Al-Kabir, (Cairo: Dar Al-Marif).
• Ibn Nabi, Malik, Al-Zahirah Al-Quraniyyah, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Muasir, 1420 A.H), 4th ed..
• Ibn Nabi, Malik, Fi Mahab Al-Marakah, (In Arabic), (Damascus: Dar Al-Fikr, 1986).
• Ibn Nabi, Malik, Milad Mujtama, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Muasir, 1420 A.H.) • Ibn Nabi, Malik, Mushkilat Al-Afkar fi Al-Alam Al-Islami, (In Arabic), Trans. Bassam Barakah and Ahmad Shabu, (Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Muasir, 1430 A.H.), 9th ed..
• Ibn Nabi, Malik, Wijhat Al-Alam Al-Islami, (In Arabic), (Damascus: Dar Al-Fikr, 1986).
• Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah, Madarij Al-Salikin, (In Arabic), Ed. Muhammad Mutasim-billah Al-Baghdadi, (Beirut, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi, 1423 A.H), Vol 1, 7th ed..
• Ismail, Muhammad Husam Al-Din, Al-Surah wa Al-Jasad Dirasah Naqdiyyah fi Al-Ilam Al-Muasir, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Markaz Dirasat Al-Wihdah Al-Arabiyyah, 2008), 1st ed..
• Kamil, Mahmud, Surat Al-Insan fi Al-Hadith Al-Nabawi Al-Sharif, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Lubnani, 1993), 1st ed..
• Mahanna, Ahmad Ibrahim, Al-Insan fi Al-Quran Al-Karim, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Manshurat Al-Kutub Al-Asriyyah, 1981).
• Mughniyah, Muhammad Jawad, Al-Tafisr Al-Kashif, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Al-Anwar li al-Tibah), 4th ed..
• Muzaffar Al-Rizu Hasan, Thawrat Al-Surah Al-Mashhad Al-Ilami wa Fada Al-Waqi, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Markaz Dirasat Al-Wihdah Al-Arabiyyah, 2008), 1st ed..
• Oxford English- Arabic dictionary. P744.
• Pfefferkorn, Roland, Inégalités et rapports sociaux, La Disput, col1, «le genre du monde», 2007.
• Samuel, Kamel Abd Al-Sayyid, and Thalasinos, Artimis, Qamus Arabi-Yunani, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Maktabat Lubnan, 1995).
• Saturback, Anne, Usus Al-Handasah Al-Hayawiyyah, (In Arabic), Trans: Hatim Al-Najdi, (Beirut: Markaz Dirasat Al-Wihdah Al-Arabiyyah, 2011), 1st ed..
• Sayyid Qutb, Fi Zilal Al-Quran, (In Arabic), (Cairo: Dar Al-Shuruq, 1423 A.H.) 32nd ed..
• Taha Abdul-Rahman, Al-Haqq Al-Arabi fi Al-Ikhtilaf Al-Falsafi, (In Arabic), (Casablanca: Al-Markaz Al Thaqafi Al-Arabi, 2002), 1st ed..
• Thomson, Thomas, Asfar Al-Ahd Al-Qadim fi Al-Tarikh, (In Arabic), Trans. Abdul-Wahhab Allub, (Cairo: Al-Majlis Al-Ala li-Al-Thaqafah, 2000).
• Touraine, Alain, Pradigma Jadidah li-fahm Alam Al-Yawm, (In Arabic), Trans: George Sulayman, (Beirut: Markaz Dirasat Al-Wihda Al-Arabiyyah, 2011).
• Zaghlul, Raghib Muhammad Al-Najjar, Min Ayat Al-Ijaz Al-Ilmi Al-Insan min Al-Milad ila Al-Bath fi Al-Quran Al-Karim, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dar Al-Marifah, 1428 A.H.).
• Zuhd, Isam Al-Abd, Al-Rujulah fi Al-Quran Al-Karim Dirasah Mawduiyyah, (In Arabic), (Majallah Al- Jamiah Al-Islamiyyah Silsilat Al-Dirasat Al-Insaniyyah, June 2010), Vol 18 2nd ed..