Journal of College of Sharia and Islamic Studies

Back Matter

Hamzeh Abdallah Ayed Khwaileh — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Editorial Foreword

Hamzeh Abdallah Ayed Khwaileh — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Editorial Foreword

Hamzeh Abdallah Ayed Khwaileh — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Table of Content

Hamzeh Abdallah Ayed Khwaileh — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Table of Content

Hamzeh Abdallah Ayed Khwaileh — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

The Digital Deluge and the Ark of Values: An Integrated Maqāṣid-Based Islamic Vision for the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity

Adel Bouhoula — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Objectives: This research examines the ethical and existential challenges of the "Digital Deluge, " represented by artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and digital dependency, and their implications on digital sovereignty. It proposes a remedial vision grounded in the integrated Maqāṣid al Sharīʿah framework, bridging the methodological gap between technical analysis and teleological value frameworks through a procedural model that integrates technical diagnosis with Maqāṣid‑based assessment.

Methodology: The research adopts an integrative analytical approach, combining the inductive method to trace technical challenges, the critical analytical method to evaluate them through Maqāṣid al Sharīʿah, the deductive jurisprudential (uṣūlī) method to derive governing principles, and the integrative comparative method to combine technical precision with value‑based assessment.

Findings: The research reveals that challenges such as data bias, black‑box problem, AI hallucinations, and autonomous decision‑making weapons systematically violate the Islamic principles of justice (ʿadl), clear evidence (bayyina), truthfulness (ṣidq), and trust (amāna). It further shows that digital dependency poses a strategic existential threat to the five essential objectives of Maqāṣid al Sharīʿah (preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and wealth). A five‑pillar governance framework translates these principles into practical technical specifications: Justice in Design, Data Protection as a Trust, Actionable Transparency, Proactive Maqāṣid‑based Impact Assessment, and the Primacy of Harm Prevention. The research also establishes "Digital Sovereignty" as a collective religious obligation (farḍ kifāya).

Originality:
The research transcends theoretical discussion by presenting an integrative procedural model that fuses technical diagnosis with Maqāṣid‑based assessment. It highlights digital dependency as an existential threat to the five essential objectives of Maqāṣid al Sharīʿah and proposes a practical, multi‑level roadmap for building a "value‑based and technically grounded ark" to confront the digital deluge.

Measuring Shariah Compliance through Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Study of Four Tools Based on AAOIFI Standards

Riyad Misini, Drita Nazmi Maljichi — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: The research evaluates the performance of four Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools complying with the Shariah standards issued by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) The assessment is based on quantitative and qualitative indicators derived directly from the standards.

Methodology: The research adopts a comparative analytical approach, combining quantitative and qualitative dimensions. Six core indicators were developed: reference to the title of the standard, standard number, clause numbers, lexical congruence, substantive congruence, and clarity and internal consistency. These were applied to four AI tools: Compliance with Shariah Standards, Islamic Banking Advisor, Shariah Financial Advisor, and ChatGPT 4.0.

Findings: The results reveal significant variation across the tools. ChatGPT 4.0 ranked highest in overall performance, though it showed notable weaknesses in reference accuracy. The other tools performed relatively better in lexical or substantive congruence. The findings also suggest that relying exclusively on such models may lead to fiqh-related inconsistencies or the omission of essential requirements.

Originality: This research is the first systematic attempt to combine quantitative and qualitative analyses in evaluating AI compliance with AAOIFI Shariah standards. It addresses a key research gap in assessing AI systems within the framework of institutional Shariah governance.

Practical Implications: The findings highlight the need to develop domain-specific language models trained directly on AAOIFI Standards to improve reliability in Shariah rulings and Islamic financial advisory services.

Al-Farahi's Utilization of the Origin of Carrying the Counterpart upon Its Counterpart in Interpretation, Vocabulary Applications as A Model

Amani AL Otaibi — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Objective: This research examines the importance of the principle of "Carrying the Counterpart upon A counterpart" as a fundamental Origin of Quranic interpretation of Qur’an, and highlights Al-Farahi’s distinctive theoretical and practical contributions to its development and application.

Methodology: The research adopts an inductive approach to trace Al-Farahi's principles and applications related to Carrying the Counterpart upon a Counterpart. It also employs a comparative analytical method to examine selected examples, identify the principles underlying his interpretation of verses in light of their counterparts, and compare his views with those of other exegetes.

Results: The research demonstrates that Al-Farahi was a pioneer in establishing interpretive principles based on Qur'anic counterparts while taking contextual factors into account. He systematized relationships among verses through multiple forms of similarity, making Carrying the Counterpart upon a Counterpart a comprehensive framework encompassing various forms of Qur'anic interpretation through the Qur'an. This confirms his view that the principle is central to understanding the Qur'an as a coherent whole.

Originality: The scientific value of this research appears in studying an important Origin of Quranic interpretation of Qur’an, that did not receive the required attention from researchers in the field of Quranic exegesis and Quranic sciences. It also highlights Al-Farahi’s exceptional focus on this Origin in terms of theory and application.

The Prophetic Model of Family Formation and Preservation: Principles and Normative Foundations

Mohammed Rashed Al-Marri — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Objectives: This research examines the Prophetic methodology and its foundational principles for establishing and preserving the family in light of contemporary challenges facing it as the cornerstone of society. Family preservation ensures the continuity of humanity, promotes material and moral development, and, when grounded in sound guidance, nurtures affection and compassion among its members.

Methodology: The research combines descriptive and inductive methods. It examines the concept of family and the significance of its proper formation, and derives principles for family preservation from the Prophetic tradition through an analysis of relevant narrations in the canonical collections of the Sunnah to formulate well-grounded conclusions and practical recommendations.

Findings: This research finds that contemporary societies urgently need ethico-religious fortification against the moral challenges associated with globalization. It emphasizes strengthening social cohesion through awareness initiatives, including premarital training programs, and by prioritizing family-related matters in public discourse and academic research, to develop strategies that protect the family from ideologies and trends that undermine faith and core values.

Originality: This research offers a foundational contribution to family studies by examining Prophetic guidance on family formation and preservation through a maqāṣid-oriented (higher objectives of Sharia) perspective.

Guidelines for Understanding the Problematic of Hadiths (mushkel al Hadiths) with respect to Women and Their Connection to Prophetic Objectives

Reham Abdulsalam Al-Ragheb — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Objectives: This research seeks to advance the interpretation of hadiths that have been understood in ways that diverge from the Prophetic text and its intended objectives. It proposes methodological principles and interpretive guidelines for understanding hadiths considering their Prophetic purposes in building an Islamic society in which women are active contributors rather than passive recipients. It also explores the applicability of these principles to problematic hadiths concerning women and similar narrations.

Methodology: This research adopts a comparative analytical approach to the views of hadith scholars and employs inductive analysis to identify the principal guidelines governing hadith interpretation.

Findings: The research presents an applied model for examining the higher objectives underlying problematic hadiths concerning women. It highlights the importance of purposive reasoning within the Prophetic tradition for affirming women’s status within both family and society.

Originality: This research contributes to correcting misconceptions about Muslim women resulting from misinterpretations of problematic hadiths. It interpreting hadiths in light of their Prophetic objectives while adhering to established religious principles and calls for greater scholarly efforts to present the Prophetic tradition through a balanced and practical framework that engages constructively with contemporary realities.

The Sources and Applications of Fatwa in the Thought of Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani

Murad Boudaia, Ali Shafi Al-Hajri — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Objectives: Although Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani is widely recognized for leading the political affairs of the State of Qatar, historical accounts also describe him as a Mufti who issued Islamic legal opinions. This research examines the validity of this characterization by exploring one aspect of his scholarly legacy: his role in issuing fatwas. It identifies the foundations and sources of his legal opinions and illustrates them through selected practical examples.

Methodology: This research employs descriptive and analytical methods to document, examine, and analyze the components of Sheikh Jassim's fatwa methodology .

Findings: The research demonstrates, through practical examples, that Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani fulfilled the role of a Mufti and issued fatwas based on identifiable legal sources and principles.

Originality: The research makes a scholarly contribution by substantiating Sheikh Jassim's role as a mufti through an analysis of the sources and evidences underlying his fatwas.

The Ruling on Requiring a Pre-Marital Preparatory Course

Abdulrahman Ibrahim Al-Kharraz, Abdulrahman Mohammed Al-Baloul — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Objectives: This research examines the Islamic legal basis for requiring premarital preparatory courses as a prerequisite for marriage. It explores the objectives of marriage, assesses the extent to which these courses fulfil those objectives, evaluates their impact on reducing divorce rates through relevant studies, statistics, and institutional experiences, and considers the legitimacy of mandating attendance by the competent authorities.

Methodology: The research employs descriptive and inductive methods. The descriptive approach examines the causes of divorce in Kuwait, while the inductive approach analyzes Islamic legal evidence and field experiences related to those causes.

Findings: The research concludes that divorce in Kuwait results from multiple factors, most notably inadequate awareness and limited knowledge of marital rulings. It also finds that countries requiring premarital courses have experienced lower divorce rates. Based on fiqh evidence and the objectives of marriage, the study concludes that mandating such courses as a condition for marriage is Islamically permissible.

Originality: This research demonstrates the role of premarital preparatory courses in reducing divorce and promoting family stability while providing an Islamic legal assessment of their mandatory implementation. It also represents one of the few studies in Kuwait to address this issue through an analysis of relevant research and statistical evidence.

Employing the Theory of Taʿlīl in Renewing Zakat Jurisprudence in Indonesia: An Analytical Study of Contemporary Zakat Fatwas Issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council

Refki Saputra, Asep Saepudin Jahar, Hamka Hasan — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Objectives: This research examines the application of the theory of taʿlīl in contemporary zakat fatwas issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council and assesses its contribution to the renewal of zakat jurisprudence in Indonesia.

Methodology: The research employs inductive and analytical methods. The inductive approach identifies and compiles zakat fatwas issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council, while the analytical approach examines their content, legal reasoning, and contribution to the renewal of zakat rulings.

Findings: The findings reveal that the Indonesian Ulema Council systematically employs the theory of taʿlīl in renewing zakat jurisprudence. This approach has expanded the scope of zakatable assets and enabled more adaptive mechanisms for zakat collection and distribution in response to contemporary economic realities.

Originality: This study highlights taʿlīl as a central instrument in contemporary institutional ijtihād and proposes an analytical framework integrating uṣūl al-fiqh and maqāṣid al-sharīʿah in the renewal of zakat jurisprudence.

Front Matter

Hamzeh Abdallah Ayed Khwaileh — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

The Principle of Moderation (Wasaṭiyyah) in Navigating Dialogue with Quranists: A Case Study in Malaysia

Muhammad Taufiq Amat Famsir, Faisal Ahmad Shah, Norazam Khair Mohd Ithnin — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Objectives: This paper examines the persistence of Quranist thought in Malaysia and argues that despite various efforts, the problem remains unresolved. It therefore proposes a wasaṭiyyah approach as a balanced alternative to guide more effective engagement.

Methodology: This qualitative study employs documentation, observation, and content analysis. Primary data were drawn from Quranist writings, supported by scholarly literature. In addition, observational insights from direct engagement and dialogue sessions with individuals inclined towards Quranist thought were utilised to inform the construction of a preliminary wasaṭiyyah-based framework for engagement.

Findings: The study finds that Quranist rejection of hadith is shaped by Orientalist influence, weak religious literacy, and simplistic thinking reinforced by online communities. A wasaṭiyyah approach grounded in wisdom, compassion, and gradual clarification offers a more constructive framework than either harsh condemnation or permissive neglect. Engaging with Quranists requires perseverance, sincerity, and balance in fostering dialogue.

Originality/Value: The study proposes a context-specific conceptual framework that shifts engagement from polemics to principled daʿwah, offering practical guidance for preachers and institutions. It recommends future research to examine classical precedents of engaging heterodox groups and empirically test this framework through interviews and case studies.

The Muzakkī Factor: A New Approach to Optimizing Zakat Collection in Zakat Management Organizations (ZMO)

Nunung Ghoniyah , Farikha Amilahaq — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Objectives: Despite the potential of zakat to alleviate poverty, Zakat Management Organizations (ZMOs) consistently face challenges in meeting their collection targets. This paper argues that the focus on institutional processes has overlooked a critical variable in this field of inquiry: the zakat payer (muzakkī).

Methodology: This paper adopts a quantitative approach grounded in behavioral economics. Drawing on Planned Behavior Theory, it advances an analytical model that tests the key factors influencing a muzakkī's philanthropic decisions. Data was collected from 251 respondents, and the proposed model was subsequently analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings: Our analysis demonstrates that the muzakkī’s positive attitude and their level of understanding have a significant positive impact on their intention and compliant behavior. However, contrary to common assumptions, trust in ZMOs does not directly influence payment behavior. The key factor encouraging zakat payment through a ZMO, based on our analysis, is the perceived ease and accessibility of the facilities provided. Thus, the findings provide a clear directive for ZMOs: while building trust is important for long-term reputation, resources should be strategically allocated to simplifying payment processes and enhancing convenience.

Originality: The main contribution of this study is developing and validating the muzakkī factor approach, thus shifting the focus of Zakat optimization from an institutional position to one that is donor-centric. By identifying the less-significant role of trust in immediate payment decisions, this paper challenges the conventional view and offers a more nuanced, evidence-based strategy for Zakat mobilization.

Comparative Analysis of Risk Between Conventional Bonds and Sukuk Using Duration-Normal VaR

Noor-Ul-Hacq Sookia, Sheik Ahmad Ryman Bissessur — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: Islamic finance and Sukuk have garnered so much interest in recent times that not just Islamic countries, but also Western countries have started trading in Sukuk. This research paper aims to assess whether Sukuk can bring benefits to investors in terms of reduced market risks when added to a portfolio of conventional bonds.

Methodology: The research employed the Duration-Normal Value-at-Risk (VaR) Model.

Findings: Using the Duration-Normal VaR model, it has been found that the market risk associated with the mixed portfolio through the addition of Sukuk to the conventional bond was significantly lower than that of a pure bond portfolio. This could be explained by the low correlation between the conventional bonds and Sukuk. The accuracy of the Duration-Normal VaR model has been confirmed by the Kupiec Proportion of Failure Test.

Originality: This paper provides a different view on applying the Value-at-Risk (VaR) approach for assessing the market risk associated with Islamic and conventional bonds and further applies a backtesting procedure to examine the accuracy of the model.

Foundations of an Islamic Art of Warfare: Mukhtaṣar fī Siyāsat al-Ḥurūb and the Making of the Abbāsid Military Doctrine

Muhammad Husni Mohd Amin — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Objectives: This article examines the ninth-century treatise Mukhtaṣar fī Siyāsat al-Ḥurūb (A Compendium on the Management of Warfare), attributed to Abū Saʿīd al-Ḥarthamī al-Shaʿrānī (3^rd century AH/9^th century CE), as one of the earliest Muslim manuals of governance and warfare. It situates the text within the vibrant era of the early ʿAbbāsid rule and demonstrates how creed, law, and politics intersect in the articulation of military doctrine.

Methodology: The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining philological analysis of the Mukhtaṣar with historical contextualisation. Doctrinal comparison with Abū Ḥanīfah’s Al-Fiqh al-Akbar identifies shared principles of agency. A comparative framework situates the treatise within the “Mirror for Princes” tradition, contrasting it with al-Māwardī’s Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyyah and Niẓām al-Mulk’s Siyar al-Mulūk. Finally, secondary scholarship establishes its unique contribution to Muslim military thought.

Findings: The Mukhtaṣar frames warfare not merely as a technical enterprise but as both a strategic discipline and a creedal duty. It grounds military command in taqwā (God-conscious piety), justice, and discipline; rejects excess, vengeance, and plunder; and attributes victory to qadar (divine decree) while affirming human accountability through kasab (human acquisition of divinely created acts).

Originality: The study positions the Mukhtaṣar as a distinctively Sunnī articulation of military thought and a doctrinal turning point in Islamic intellectual and military history, challenging the marginalisation of Islamic military writings as derivative and highlighting their contribution to the broader tradition of theology-based political and strategic thought.