جابر محمد

الملخص

أهداف البحث: يتناول البحث اجتهادات الشيخ القرضاوي واختياراته فيما يتعلق بأحكام الفقه الجنائي الإسلامي وتطبيقاته في إطار الدولة الحديثة. كما يتناول بالتحليل والتقييم مدى توافق الأصول الاجتهادية التي نص عليها الشيخ في مصنفاته، مع فروعه الفقهية في مواضيع متنوعة داخل الفقه الجنائي الإسلامي المعاصر.


منهج الدراسة: هذا البحث دراسة تحليلية واستقرائية ووصفية، من حيث تعقب اجتهادات الشيخ القرضاوي في مساحات الفقه الجنائي المعاصر وتقييمها في إطار القواعد التي شرطها في الاجتهاد المعاصر وفي إطار تصوراته عن وظيفة الدولة الحديثة، وأخيرًا تحليل هذه النتائج في إطار الأحكام الوضعية للقانون الجنائي المعاصر فقها وفلسفة وتطبيقًا.


النتائج: خلص البحث إلى أن حقل التجريم والعقاب المعاصر، طالما شغل الشيخ القرضاوي في اجتهاداته واختياراته، للتدليل على رؤيته في كيفية عمل الفقه الإسلامي داخل إطار الدولة الحديثة. وخلص الشيخ إلى أن الفلسفة العامة للتجريم والعقاب والحدود والقصاص في منظومة الفقه الإسلامي جاءت لحفظ المقاصد الخمسة. وعليه، فكل اجتهاد معاصر لا بد أن يعتمد هذه الفلسفة. وتفاعل الشيخ القرضاوي مع معظم العناوين التي شغلت الفقه الجنائي الإسلامي المعاصر والأحكام الجنائية الوضعية، بداية من المساواة بين الذكر والأنثى، وأحكام الردة، وفلسفة العقوبة، ونقد منظومة السجن، ودور الدولة الحديثة في العقاب.


أصالة البحث: تظهر القيمة العلمية للبحث في تناول اجتهادات الشيخ القرضاوي والفقه الجنائي الإسلامي المعاصر في إطار فلسفة التمييز ما بين العام والخاص في نظريات فقه ما قبل الدولة الحديثة، والأحكام الجنائية الوضعية المعاصرة التي تشكلت في إطار وظيفة وهيمنة الدولة الحديثة.

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الكلمات المفتاحية

التجريم والعقاب
الفقه الجنائي الإسلامي
التمييز ما بين العام والخاص
عقوبة الإعدام
الردة
السجن

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كيفية الاقتباس
محمد جابر. 2025. "اجتهادات الشيخ القرضاوي لصياغة فقه جنائي معاصر ضمن إطار الدولة الحديثة". مجلة كلية الشريعة والدراسات الاسلامية 43 (1). https://doi.org/10.29117/jcsis.2025.0408.
القسم
الأبحاث باللغة الإنجليزية