مراد العبدي

الملخص

أهداف البحث: مع أن أول بوادر اهتمام المؤرخين الغربيين بالاختلاف الفقهي تعود لأزيد من قرن ونصف مضت، ما زالت الدراسات الغربية لم تعن بتفاصيل هذا العلم وتاريخه، ونظرياته ومناهجه، ودوره في نشأة الفقه الإسلامي وتطوره، وما زالت أيضًا يشوبها الارتباك وعدم الدقة في مسائل منهجية ومفاهيمية عدة. تقدم هذه الدراسة قراءة نقدية في الدراسات الغربية الحديثة التي تناولت الاختلاف الفقهي، سواء من باب مذهبي أم تلك التي تطرقت له بإجمال، وتركز على التصور المفاهيمي والمنهجي المتعلق بالاختلاف في الدراسات الإسلامية الغربية.


منهج الدراسة: من خلال قراءة نقدية للدراسات الغربية الحديثة التي اهتمت بعلم الاختلاف، تسعى هذه الدراسة لمعالجة وسد فجوتين رئيسيتين: الخلط المفاهيمي والمعجمي بين مصطلحي "الاختلاف" و"الخلاف" من جهة، والخلط المنهجي بين الاختلاف الفقهي والجدل الفقهي من جهة أخرى. ويعتمد منهج الدراسة في مقاربة هذا الموضوع على تقديم مقاربة شاملة وبينية، بحيث تقابل بين الدراسات التراثية والمعاصرة من جهة، ومن جهة أخرى، تقدم تحليلًا نقديًا للدراسات الإسلامية والغربية التي عُنيت بمسألة الاختلاف الفقهي، بما أتاح للباحث تقديم تصورٍ متعدد الأبعاد وأكثر دقة لمسائل هذه الدراسة ومباحثها.


النتائج: بعد فحص عميق للعديد من الدراسات، يتبين أن الخلاصات المنهجية عند بعض الباحثين، مثل التمييز بين مصطلحي "الاختلاف" "والخلاف"، هو ابتداع ليس له أساس معجمي في التراث الإسلامي. وفقًا لهذه الدراسة، فإن مقاربة الاختلاف يجب أن تقوم على التمييز بين ما نطلق عليه "الاختلاف النظري"، الذي يرتبط بأصول الفقه ويعكس اهتماماتها النظرية والآلية، في مقابل "الاختلاف العملي" الذي يرتبط بالفقه كمجال تطبيقي بالأساس.


أصالة البحث: تعدّ هذه أول دراسة مرجعية تعنى باهتمام الباحثين الغربيين بعلم الاختلاف، كما أن تصنيف دراسات الاختلاف الفقهي إلى عملية مرتبطة بالفقه ونظرية مرتبطة بأصول الفقه هي قراءة أصيلة ومتميزة.

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الكلمات المفتاحية

علم الاختلاف
الخلاف
الفقه
أصول الفقه
الدراسات الإسلامية الغربية

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كيفية الاقتباس
العبدي مراد. 2024. "علم الاختلاف الفقهي في الدراسات الغربية والدراسات الإسلامية المعاصرة: دراسة تحليلية نقدية". مجلة كلية الشريعة والدراسات الاسلامية 42 (2). https://doi.org/10.29117/jcsis.2024.0389.
القسم
الأبحاث باللغة الإنجليزية