المذهب المالكي في الأندلس وأثره في تطور الأنظمة القانونية الأوروبية
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منشور
يول 7, 2024
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هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
الملخص
أهداف البحث: يتناول هذا المقال تاريخ المذهب المالكي في الأندلس وتأثيره في القوانين الأوروبية. وستكون انطلاقة البحث من الوقت الذي فتح فيه المسلمون الأندلس، من أجل إظهار المدارس المختلفة التي كانت موجودة قبل ظهور وانتشار المذهب المالكي وتأثيره في القوانين الأوروبية.
منهج الدراسة: يستند هذا المقال إلى تحليل وصفي يعتمد على الأبحاث الإسلامية القديمة والمعاصرة، بهدف تتبع انتشار المذهب المالكي في الأندلس وتحليل تأثيره في القوانين الأوروبية.
النتائج: يُظهرهذا المقال كيف أثر المذهب المالكي في القوانين الأوروبية الحديثة التي طوّرت هذا الفقه وأدمجته في قوانينها، كما هو الأمر مع القانون المدني الفرنسي؛ وذلك نتيجة للتواصل الكبير الذي حدث بين المسلمين وغير المسلمين بعد الفتح الإسلامي للأندلس. وبناءً عليه، يخلص المقال إلى أن دخول المذهب المالكي إلى الأندلس كان له أثر كبير في القوانين والنظم الأوروبية.
أصالة البحث: يناقش هذا المقال دخول المسلمين إلى الأندلس في وقت كانت أوروبا تعيش في عصر مظلم بسبب انتشار الجهل. ويوضح كيف أثر حدث فتح الأندلس ليس فقط في الأندلسيين ولكن أيضًا في معظم الدول الأوروبية التي تأثرت بالحضارة الإسلامية عامة والمذهب المالكي خاصة.
المقاييس
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الكلمات المفتاحية
الفقه المالكيالتشريع المعاصرفتح الأندلسالقوانين الأوروبيةالشريعة الإسلامية
المراجع
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Paluch, Vazquez & Andrzej, Daniel, The establishment of the Maliki School in Muslim Spain, PhD Diss., SOAS, University of London, 2008.
Akmaluddin, Muhammad, The origin of fiqh schools in Al-Andalus: From Qairawan to Medina, International E-journal of Advances in Social Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 9, 2017.
Al-ʻAbbādī, Aḥmad Mukhtār, Dirāsāt fī Tārīkh al-Maghrib wa-al-Andalus, (in Arabic), Alexandria: University Youth Foundation, n.d.
Al-Bakrī, Abū ʻUbayd, Jughrāfīyah al-Andalus wa-Ūrūbbā: min Kitāb al-masālik wa-al-mamālik, (in Arabic), Beirut: Dār al-Irshād for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 1968, 1st ed.
al-Dasūqī, Muḥammad, Ḥāshiyat al-Dasūqī ʻalá Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, (in Arabic) Egypt: Dār al-Fikr, n.d, Vol. 3.
Alḥimyrá, Abū ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd Allāh ibn ʻAbd al-Munʻim, Ṣifat Jazīrat al-Andalus, (in Arabic), Beirut: Dār al-Jīl, 1988), 2nd ed.
Alkharsh, Muḥammad, Sharh Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, (in Arabic), Egypt: al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá al-Amīrīyah, 1317, 2nd ed, vol. 5.
Al-Maqqarī al-Tilmisānī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, Nafḥ alṭṭīb min ghuṣni al-Andalus al-raṭīb, (in Arabic), Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1997, 1st ed, vol.1.
AL-Nashmi, Yaser Ajeel, “Reasons for the disagreements in the Maliki school of thought using ʿAqd al-Jawāhir al-Thamīna for Ibn Shas”, (in Arabic) Journal of College of Sharia and Islamic Studies, vol. 39, Issue 1, 2021. https://doi.org/10.29117/jcsis.2021.0288.
Alsāmirāʼī, Khalīl Ibrāhīm; Ṭāhā ʻAbd al-Wāḥid Dhannūn; Maṣlūb, Nāṭiq Ṣāliḥ, Tārīkh al-ʻArab wa-ḥaḍāratihim fī al-Andalus, (in Arabic), Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-jadīd, 1st ed., 2000.
Al-Sibāʻī, Muṣṭafá, min Rawāʼiʻ ḥaḍāratunā, (in Arabic), Al-Riyāḍ: Dār al-Warrāq for Publishing and Distribution, 1st ed., 1999.
Al-Sirjānī, Rāghib, Mādhā qaddama al-Muslimūn lil-ʻālam, (in Arabic), Egypt: Iqraʼ Establishment for Publishing, Distribution and Translation,2009, 2nd ed, vol. 2.
Al-Sirjānī, Rāghib, Qiṣṣat al-Andalus mina al-Fatḥ ilá al-suqūṭ (in Arabic), Cairo: Iqraʼ Institution for Publishing, Distribution and Translation, 2011, 1st ed.
Al-Ūzbakī, Tawfīq Sulṭān, "al-Ḥaḍārah al-Islāmīyah fī al-Andalus wa-atharuhā fī Ūrūbbā," The Journal of Culture for Studies and Research, Baghdad, vol.5, issue 20, 2010.
Al-Wansharisi, Ahmad ibn Yahya, al-Mi'yār al-Mu'rib wa al-Jāmi' al-Mughrib 'an Fatāwā Ahl Afrīqiya wa al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib, (in Arabic), Rabat: the ministry of Awkaf and Islamic affairs, 1981, 1st ed, vol. 4.
Al-Zarqā, Aḥmad Muḥammad, sharḥ al-qawāʻid al-fiqhīyah, (in Arabic), Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 1989, 2nd ed.
Awaluddin, Muhammad Aiman, Maznorbalia, Anisa Safiah, "A suggestion that Europe is the Muslim Domain: A study from historical and contemporary perspectives," Indonesian journal of Islamic literature and Muslim societies, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2019. DOI: 10.18326/ijims.v9i1.83-109 .
Bīl, Awkṭāf, al-Sharikah wa-al-qismah fī al-madhhab al-Mālikī, (in Arabic), Casablanca: al-Maṭbaʻah al-Muttaḥidah, 1948, 2nded.
Bin-ʻAbd Allāh, ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz, Maʻlamat al-fiqh al-Mālikī, (in Arabic), Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1983, 1st ed.
Bonnassie, Pierre, la epoca de los Visigoths in Las Espanas Medievales, Barcelona : Editorial Critica, 2001.
Fawzī Sālim Ṣāliḥ ūlīṭy, "Taṭawwur al-fiqh al-Islāmī wa-taʼthīruhu ʻAlī al-qawānīn al-Gharbīyah al-muʻāṣirah," Journal of Sharīʻah and Legal Sciences, Al-Marqab University, Issue 2, 2018.
Ḥallāq, Ḥassān ʻAlī, Dirāsāt fī Tārīkh al-Ḥaḍārah al-Islāmīyah, (in Arabic), Beirut : Dār al-Nahḍah al-ʻArabīyah for Printing and Publishing,1999, 2nd ed.
Ibn khaldūn, ʻAbd alraaḥmn ibn muḥammad, al-Muqaddimah, (in Arabic), Damascus: Dār yaʻurub Publishers for Research and Distribution, 2003, 1st ed, vol.2.
Ibn ʻudhārī al-Marrākushī, Abū ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, al-Bayān almughrib fī Akhbār al-Andalus wa-al-Maghrib, (in Arabic), Beirut: Dār al-Thaqāfah, 1983, 3rd ed, vol.2.
Kennedy, Hugh N, Muslim Spain and Portugal: A political history of Al-Andalus, London: New York: Longman, 1996.
Khallāf, ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, Thalāth wathāʼiq fī muḥārabat al-ahwāʼ wa-al-bidaʻ fī al-Andalus (Mustakhrajah min makhṭūṭ al-aḥkām al-Kubrá lil-Qāḍī Abi al-Aṣbagh ʻĪsá ibn Sahl al-Andalusī), presented by Maḥmūd ʻAlī Makkī., (in Arabic), Egypt: Arab International Center for Media,1981, 1st ed.
Le Bon, Gustave, the Civilization of the Arabs, translated by: Adel Zuaiter, Cairo: Arab Press Agency Publishers, 2018.
Lorenzo-Jimenez Jesus, "The origins of Mūsà ibn Nuṣayr and Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād and their relationship with the Sasanian empire." Al-Qanṭara Journal, vol. 43, no. 2, 2022, e16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2022.016.
Mashūkhī,ʻAbd Allāh, Mawqif al-Islām wa-al-Kanīsah mna alʻilm, (in Arabic), Jordan: Maktabat al-Manār, 1982, 1st ed.
Orabi, Samīr, ʻulūm al-ṭibb wa-al-jirāḥah wālʼadwyah ʻinda ʻulamāʼ al-ʻArab wa-al-Muslimīn, (in Arabic), Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-ḥadīth, 1999, 1st ed.
Paluch, Vazquez & Andrzej, Daniel, The establishment of the Maliki School in Muslim Spain, PhD Diss., SOAS, University of London, 2008.
كيفية الاقتباس
براضة رشيد. 2024. "المذهب المالكي في الأندلس وأثره في تطور الأنظمة القانونية الأوروبية". مجلة كلية الشريعة والدراسات الاسلامية 42 (2). https://doi.org/10.29117/jcsis.2024.0388.
القسم
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