التقارب بين أهل السنَّة والشيعة الإمامية أثناء الحروب الصليبية
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منشور
ديس 3, 2018
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الملخص
يتتبَّع هذا البحث مظاهر التقارب والتحالف بين أهل السنَّة والشيعة الإمامية أيام الحروب الصليبية. ومن الأمثلة التاريخية التي وردت في البحث علاقةُ أهل السنّة بالشيعة الإمامية في كل من طرابلس الشام وحلب آنذاك، وكذلك مساعي الوزير الإمامي بالدولة الفاطمية طلائع بن رزَّيك إلى بناء حلف مع القائد السنّي نور الدين زنكي. ويب البحث أن عواملَ ثلاثةً سهَّلت هذا التقارب السنّي الإمامي في وجه الصليبيين، وهي: التداخل الاعتقادي، والقُرب الجغرافي، والسلبية السياسية التي كان يتسم بها الإمامية بتأثير فكرة الانتظار آنذلك. وقد تناول البحث علاقة صلاح الدين الأيوبي بالشيعة الإمامية، وأوضح أنه كان أكثر براغماتية من سلفه نور الدين، وأنه كان حريصا على كسب القلوب بقدر ما كان حريصا على كسب المعارك. وقد انتهج صلاح الدين سياسة احتواء تجاه الإمامية، واستطاع أن يكسبهم ضمن الحلف العريض الذي بناه تمهيداً لمعركة التحرير.
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الكلمات المفتاحية
الإسلامالشامالحروب الصليبيةالسنَّةالشيعةالإمامية
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• ---. Tārīkh Al-Islām, (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dār Al-Kitāb Al-‘Arabī, 1987.)
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1998).
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Al-Maqdisī, Abū Shāma. ‘Uyūn Al-Rawḍatayn fī Akhbār Al-Dawlatayn. (In Arabic), (Beirut: Mu’assasat
Al-Risāla, 1997).
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Madbūlī, 1991.
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Arabic), (Cairo: Lajnat Iḥyā’ Al-Turāth, 1996.)
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Publications, 2000.
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York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1973.
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Crusades. Edited by M. W. Baldwin. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969. Pp. 449-
462.
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• ---. Zubdat Al-Ḥalab fī Tarīkh Ḥalab. (In Arabic), (Damascus: Dār Al-Kitāb Al-‘Arabī, 1997).
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Maghribiyya, 1996).
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• Ibn Kathīr, Ismā‘īl. Al-Bidāya wa Al-Nihāya. (In Arabic), (Beirut: Maktabat Al-Ma’ārif, n.d.).
• Ibn Khallikān, Aḥmad. Wafayāt Al-A‘yān wa Anbā’ Abnā’ Al-Zamān. (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dār Al-Thaqāfa,
n.d.).
• Ibn Khaldūn, ‘Abd Al-Raḥmān. Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn. (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dār Al-Qalam, 1984).
• Ibn Shaddād, Bahā’ Al-Dīn. Al-Nawādir Al-Sulṭaniyya wa Al-Maḥāsin Al-Yusufiyya, aw Sirat Ṣalāh Al-
Dīn. (In Arabic), (Cairo: Maktabat Al-Khanjī, 1994).
• Ibn Shaddād, ‘Izz Al-Dīn. Al-A‘lāq Al-Khaṭīra fī Dhikr Umarā’ Al-Shām wa Al-Jazīra. (In Arabic),
(Damascus: Syrian Ministry of Culture, 1991).
• Ibn Taghrī Bardā, Yūsuf. Al-Nujūm Al-Zāhira fī Mulūk Miṣr wa Al-Qāhira. (In Arabic), (Cairo: Egyptian
Ministry of Culture, n.d.)
• Khusrū, Nāṣir. Safar-Nāmah, trans. Yaḥya Al-Khashshāb. (In Arabic), (Beirut: Dār Al-Kitāb Al-Jadīd,
1983).
• Maalouf, Amin. The Crusades through Arab Eyes. Translated by Jon Rothschild. New York: Schocken
Books, 1985.
• Martin, Vanessa. Creating an Islamic State: Khomeini and the Making of New Iran. London, I.B. Tauris,
2000.
• McEoin, Denis. “Aspects of Militancy and Quietism in Imāmī Shī‘ism.” Bulletin of the British Society for
Middle Eastern Studies, 11, no. 1 (1984): 18-27.
• Neocleous, Savvas. “The Byzantines and Saladin: Opponents of the Third Crusade?” Crusades, Vol. 1,
(2010): 87-106.
• Nizām Al-Mulk. Siyāsat Nāmeh. (In Arabic), (Doha: Dār al-Thaqāfah, 1986).
• Runciman, Steven. A History of the Crusades. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1951.
• Stevenson, W. B., The Crusaders in the East: A Brief History of the Wars of Islam with the Latins in Syria
during the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. London: Cambridge University Press, 1907.
• William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea. Translated by Emily Atwater Babcock and A.
C. Krey. New York: Columbia University Press, 1943.
كيفية الاقتباس
الشنقيطي محمد المختار. 2018. "التقارب بين أهل السنَّة والشيعة الإمامية أثناء الحروب الصليبية". مجلة كلية الشريعة والدراسات الاسلامية 36 (1). https://doi.org/10.29117/jcsis.2018.0206.
القسم
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