Paying Tribute: Returning to the Story of the “Qur‘ān of ‘Uthmān
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Jul 7, 2024
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Abstract
Objectives: The Qur’an occupies a central position in a religious and philosophical system that has had a significant and emblematic impact on human history, influencing Arabic studies worldwide. Such is particularly true for Russian Arabic studies, where the '‘Uthmanic Qur’an', with copies in Saint Petersburg and Uzbekistan, has played a crucial role. This study aims to honour our teachers and the Arab community of Qashqadarya, who continue to preserve their language and culture.
Methodology: Synthetic, Comparative.
Findings: The history of these manuscripts spans over twelve centuries, providing rich material linked to the fate of human lineages, nations, cities, peoples, and Islamic civilisation since its emergence in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century until the triumph of Islam. This Islam endured against the communist regime in the Islamic republics of the Soviet Union. The Russian School of Arabic Studies survived the 1917 Revolution due to its concentration on research areas that were of particular importance at the time. These included the study of Arabic sources on the history of the USSR territories and the living Arabic dialects used in the Central Asian republics. Such led to the publication of significant works on the language, ethnography, and history of the Arabs of Qashqadarya, whose ancestors brought the '‘Uthmanic Qur’an' from the Arabian Peninsula via the Silk Road to their land in Uzbekistan.
Originality: Today, advanced research techniques must be used to study and analyse the '‘Uthmanic Qur’an' manuscript and reconstruct the origin, culture, and dialects of the Arab population in Qashqadarya, Uzbekistan. These include DNA analysis and modern linguistic methods based on big data and artificial intelligence technology.
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Keywords
'‘Uthmanic Qur’an'LanguageEthnography and History of the Arabs of Qashqadarya
References
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Cheikho, Louis. La litérature arabe au XIXe siècle. Second edition. Vol. 2. Beyrouth: Imprimerie catholique, 1926.
Chikovani, Guram. Kashkadar'inskii arabskii dialekt Central'noi Azii [The Qashqadarya Arabic Dialect of Central Asia], (in Russian). Tbilisi: Tsereteli Institute of Oriental Studies; Tbilisi Institute of Asia and Africa, 2008.
Chikovani, Guram and Tskhvediani, Zviad. “Dialectological Expedition to Central Asia October — November, 2018”, Studies on Arabic Dialectology and Sociolinguistics. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of AIDA, June 10–13, Kutaisi, Georgia, 83–108. Kutaisi: Akaki Tsereteli State University, 2020.
Déroche, François. “Note sur les fragments coraniques anciens de Katta Langar (Ouzbékistan), Patrimoine manuscrit et vie intellectuelle de l'Asie Centrale Islamique.” Cahiers d'Asie Centrale 7 (1999): 65–73.
Déroche, François et al. Les origines du Coran. Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 2015.
Graf, Georg. Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur. Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1951.
Humburg, Boris Z. “Ethnic Peculiarities of Qashqadarya Arabs of Jeynov settlement,” In Jeynov – “We arrived” (The Language and Material Culture of the Qashqadarya Arabs), compiled and edited by Efim Rezvan and Anna Kudriavtceva, (in Russian). St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2023: 469–481.
Krachkovsky, Ignatius Yu. Ocherki po istorii russkoi arabistiki [Essays on the History of Russian Arabic Studies], (in Russian). Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1950.
–––. “Nad arabskimi rukopisyami” [“Above the Arabic manuscripts”], Izbrannye Sochineniia [Selected Works]. Vol. 1, (in Russian). Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1955.
Kudriavtceva, Anna. “Bībī Hājar, Izmām and Zamzam: Myth and Ritual Among the Qashqadarya Arabs.” Manuscripta Orientalia 29, no. 1 (2023): 49–57. https://doi.org/10.31250/1238-5018-2023-29-1-49-57
Kudriavtceva, Anna and Rezvan, Efim. “Collection of the MAE RAS on the Arabs of Uzbekistan.” In Jeynov – “We arrived” (The Language and Material Culture of the Qashqadarya Arabs), edited by Anna Kudriavtceva & Efim Rezvan, 437–456, (in Russian). St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2023.
Rezvan, Efim. “A Contribution Towards the History and Origin of the Katta Langar / St. Petersburg ‘Qur’ān of ‘Uthmān’.” Manuscripta Orientalia 23, no. 2 (2017): 3–9.
–––. Between Turkestan and Tibet: The Salars, (in Russian). St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2010.
–––. Jeynov – “We arrived”. Arabs of Uzbekistan: Images of the Traditional Culture. St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2004.
–––. “Les premiers Corans.” In De Bagdad à Ispahan. Manuscrit islamiques de l'Institut d'Études orientales, Filiale de Saint-Pétersbourg, Académie des Sciences de Russie, edited by Yuriy A. Petrosyan, 84–85. Lugano: Fondation ARCH; Paris: Paris-Musées; Milan: Electa, 1994.
–––. “Muslim Artefacts in the History of the Qashqadarya Arabs.” In Jeynov – “We arrived” (The Language and Material Culture of the Qashqadarya Arabs), edited by Anna Kudriavtceva & Efim Rezvan, 423–436, (in Russian). St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2023.
–––. The Qur’ān and Its World: VI. Emergence of the Canon: The Struggle for Uniformity.” Manuscripta Orientalia 4, no. 2 (1998): 13–54. See: http://manuscripta.ru/archive/1998_02_04.html.
–––. “The Qur’ān and Power in Russia. I: Manuscript.” Manuscripta Orientalia 14, no. 2 (2008): 21–27.
–––. “The Qur’ān of ‘Uthmān” (St. Petersburg, Katta–Langar, Bukhara, Tashkent). Vol. 1. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Centre For Oriental Studies, 2004.
Rezvan, Maryam. “Early Qur’ānic MS from the Collections of St. Petersburg Kunstkamera (Preliminary Report).” Manuscripta Orientalia 10, no. 3 (2004): 59–65.
Semenov, Аleksandr А. “Sheibani-khan i zavoevanie im imperii Timuridov” [“Shaybānī-khān in his Conquest of the Tīmūrid Empire”], Materialy po istorii tadzhikov i uzbekov Srednei Azii [Proceedings of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR]. Vol. 12, iss. 1, 39–85, (in Russian). Stalinabad: Izdatel'stvo AN Tadzh. SSR, 1954.
Tarrāzī, Fīlīb dī. Ta’rīkh al-khilāfa al-‘arabiyya. Vol. 2. Beirut: Al- Maṭba‘a al-‘adabiyya, 1913.
Tsareva, Elena G. “Kovrodelie Arabov iuzhnykh Raionov Uzbekistana, Konets XIX –Nachalo. XXI Veka (po Kollektsiiam MAE i REM)” [“Carpet weaving of the Arabs of the Southern Regions of Uzbekistan. End of the 19th — Beginning of the 21st century (According to the MAE and REM Collections)”], Sbornik Muzeia antropologii i etnografii, vol. 62, Obrazy i znaki v traditsiiakh Iuzhnoi i Iugo-Zapadnoi Azii [Collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, vol. 61, Images and signs in the traditions of South and Southwest Asia], 270–357 (in Russian), St. Petersburg: MAE RAN, 2015.
Tsereteli, Georgi V. Arabskie dialekty Srednei Azii, 1 (Bukharskiy arabskiy dialekt) [Arabic Dialects of Central Asia, 1 (Bukhara Arabic Dialect)], (in Russian). Tbilisi: Akademiia nauk Gruz. SSR, 1956.
Vinnikov, Isaak N. “Dozhd, voda i rastitelnost na mogile doislamskih arabov” [“Rain, Water, and Vegetation at the Grave of Pre-Islamic Arabs”]. In Zapiski Kollegii Vostokovedov pri Aziatskom Muzee AN SSSR [Notes of the College of Orientalists at the Asian Museum of the USSR Academy of Sciences]. Vol. 5, 367–377 (in Russian). Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1930.
–––. “Legenda o prizvanii Muhammada v svete etnografii” [“The Legend of the Vocation of Muhammad in Light of Ethnography”]. In Sergeyu Fedorovichu Oldenburgu: k 50-letiyu nauchno-obschestvennoi zhizni (1882–1932): Sbornik statey [To Sergei Fedorovich Oldenburg: on the 50th Anniversary of Scientific and Social life: A Collection of papers], 125–146 (in Russian), Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1934.
–––. “Materialy po yazyku i folkloru bukharskih arabov” [“Materials on the Language and Folklore of the Bukhara Arabs”], (in Russian). Sovetskoye vostokovedenie 6 (1949): 120–145.
–––. “Obrztsy folklora bukharskih arabov. 1” [“Samples of Folklore of the Bukhara Arabs. 1”], (in Russian). Archiv Orientalni 25, no. 2 (1957): 173–189.
–––. “Obrztsy folklora bukharskih arabov. 2” [“Samples of Folklore of the Bukhara Arabs. 2”], (in Russian). Archiv Orientalni 25, no. 3 (1957): 426–451.
–––. “Folklor bukharskih arabov” [“The Folklore of the Bukhara Arabs”], (in Russian). Acta Orientalia 6, nos. 1–3 (1957): 181–206.
–––. “Koranicheskie zametki; Koran 96:1–2” [“Qur’ānic Notes; Qur’ān 96:1–2”]. Issledovaniia po istorii kultury narodov Vostoka [Research on the History of Culture of Eastern Peoples], 309–312, (in Russian). Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1960.
–––. Slovar' dialekta bukharskikh arabov [A Dictionary of the Bukharian Arabic Dialect], (in Russian). Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1962.
–––. Iazyk i fol'klor bukharskikh arabov [Language and Folklore of the Bukharian Arabs], (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, Glavnaia redaktsiia vostochnoi literatury, 1969.
–––. “The Qashqadarya Arabs (Language, Folklore, Ethnography).” In Jeynov – “We arrived” (The Language and Material Culture of the Qashqadarya Arabs), edited by Anna Kudriavtceva & Efim Rezvan, 35–411, (in Russian). St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2023.
Cheikho, Louis. La litérature arabe au XIXe siècle. Second edition. Vol. 2. Beyrouth: Imprimerie catholique, 1926.
Chikovani, Guram. Kashkadar'inskii arabskii dialekt Central'noi Azii [The Qashqadarya Arabic Dialect of Central Asia], (in Russian). Tbilisi: Tsereteli Institute of Oriental Studies; Tbilisi Institute of Asia and Africa, 2008.
Chikovani, Guram and Tskhvediani, Zviad. “Dialectological Expedition to Central Asia October — November, 2018”, Studies on Arabic Dialectology and Sociolinguistics. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of AIDA, June 10–13, Kutaisi, Georgia, 83–108. Kutaisi: Akaki Tsereteli State University, 2020.
Déroche, François. “Note sur les fragments coraniques anciens de Katta Langar (Ouzbékistan), Patrimoine manuscrit et vie intellectuelle de l'Asie Centrale Islamique.” Cahiers d'Asie Centrale 7 (1999): 65–73.
Déroche, François et al. Les origines du Coran. Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 2015.
Graf, Georg. Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur. Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1951.
Humburg, Boris Z. “Ethnic Peculiarities of Qashqadarya Arabs of Jeynov settlement,” In Jeynov – “We arrived” (The Language and Material Culture of the Qashqadarya Arabs), compiled and edited by Efim Rezvan and Anna Kudriavtceva, (in Russian). St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2023: 469–481.
Krachkovsky, Ignatius Yu. Ocherki po istorii russkoi arabistiki [Essays on the History of Russian Arabic Studies], (in Russian). Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1950.
–––. “Nad arabskimi rukopisyami” [“Above the Arabic manuscripts”], Izbrannye Sochineniia [Selected Works]. Vol. 1, (in Russian). Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1955.
Kudriavtceva, Anna. “Bībī Hājar, Izmām and Zamzam: Myth and Ritual Among the Qashqadarya Arabs.” Manuscripta Orientalia 29, no. 1 (2023): 49–57. https://doi.org/10.31250/1238-5018-2023-29-1-49-57
Kudriavtceva, Anna and Rezvan, Efim. “Collection of the MAE RAS on the Arabs of Uzbekistan.” In Jeynov – “We arrived” (The Language and Material Culture of the Qashqadarya Arabs), edited by Anna Kudriavtceva & Efim Rezvan, 437–456, (in Russian). St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2023.
Rezvan, Efim. “A Contribution Towards the History and Origin of the Katta Langar / St. Petersburg ‘Qur’ān of ‘Uthmān’.” Manuscripta Orientalia 23, no. 2 (2017): 3–9.
–––. Between Turkestan and Tibet: The Salars, (in Russian). St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2010.
–––. Jeynov – “We arrived”. Arabs of Uzbekistan: Images of the Traditional Culture. St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2004.
–––. “Les premiers Corans.” In De Bagdad à Ispahan. Manuscrit islamiques de l'Institut d'Études orientales, Filiale de Saint-Pétersbourg, Académie des Sciences de Russie, edited by Yuriy A. Petrosyan, 84–85. Lugano: Fondation ARCH; Paris: Paris-Musées; Milan: Electa, 1994.
–––. “Muslim Artefacts in the History of the Qashqadarya Arabs.” In Jeynov – “We arrived” (The Language and Material Culture of the Qashqadarya Arabs), edited by Anna Kudriavtceva & Efim Rezvan, 423–436, (in Russian). St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2023.
–––. The Qur’ān and Its World: VI. Emergence of the Canon: The Struggle for Uniformity.” Manuscripta Orientalia 4, no. 2 (1998): 13–54. See: http://manuscripta.ru/archive/1998_02_04.html.
–––. “The Qur’ān and Power in Russia. I: Manuscript.” Manuscripta Orientalia 14, no. 2 (2008): 21–27.
–––. “The Qur’ān of ‘Uthmān” (St. Petersburg, Katta–Langar, Bukhara, Tashkent). Vol. 1. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Centre For Oriental Studies, 2004.
Rezvan, Maryam. “Early Qur’ānic MS from the Collections of St. Petersburg Kunstkamera (Preliminary Report).” Manuscripta Orientalia 10, no. 3 (2004): 59–65.
Semenov, Аleksandr А. “Sheibani-khan i zavoevanie im imperii Timuridov” [“Shaybānī-khān in his Conquest of the Tīmūrid Empire”], Materialy po istorii tadzhikov i uzbekov Srednei Azii [Proceedings of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR]. Vol. 12, iss. 1, 39–85, (in Russian). Stalinabad: Izdatel'stvo AN Tadzh. SSR, 1954.
Tarrāzī, Fīlīb dī. Ta’rīkh al-khilāfa al-‘arabiyya. Vol. 2. Beirut: Al- Maṭba‘a al-‘adabiyya, 1913.
Tsareva, Elena G. “Kovrodelie Arabov iuzhnykh Raionov Uzbekistana, Konets XIX –Nachalo. XXI Veka (po Kollektsiiam MAE i REM)” [“Carpet weaving of the Arabs of the Southern Regions of Uzbekistan. End of the 19th — Beginning of the 21st century (According to the MAE and REM Collections)”], Sbornik Muzeia antropologii i etnografii, vol. 62, Obrazy i znaki v traditsiiakh Iuzhnoi i Iugo-Zapadnoi Azii [Collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, vol. 61, Images and signs in the traditions of South and Southwest Asia], 270–357 (in Russian), St. Petersburg: MAE RAN, 2015.
Tsereteli, Georgi V. Arabskie dialekty Srednei Azii, 1 (Bukharskiy arabskiy dialekt) [Arabic Dialects of Central Asia, 1 (Bukhara Arabic Dialect)], (in Russian). Tbilisi: Akademiia nauk Gruz. SSR, 1956.
Vinnikov, Isaak N. “Dozhd, voda i rastitelnost na mogile doislamskih arabov” [“Rain, Water, and Vegetation at the Grave of Pre-Islamic Arabs”]. In Zapiski Kollegii Vostokovedov pri Aziatskom Muzee AN SSSR [Notes of the College of Orientalists at the Asian Museum of the USSR Academy of Sciences]. Vol. 5, 367–377 (in Russian). Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1930.
–––. “Legenda o prizvanii Muhammada v svete etnografii” [“The Legend of the Vocation of Muhammad in Light of Ethnography”]. In Sergeyu Fedorovichu Oldenburgu: k 50-letiyu nauchno-obschestvennoi zhizni (1882–1932): Sbornik statey [To Sergei Fedorovich Oldenburg: on the 50th Anniversary of Scientific and Social life: A Collection of papers], 125–146 (in Russian), Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1934.
–––. “Materialy po yazyku i folkloru bukharskih arabov” [“Materials on the Language and Folklore of the Bukhara Arabs”], (in Russian). Sovetskoye vostokovedenie 6 (1949): 120–145.
–––. “Obrztsy folklora bukharskih arabov. 1” [“Samples of Folklore of the Bukhara Arabs. 1”], (in Russian). Archiv Orientalni 25, no. 2 (1957): 173–189.
–––. “Obrztsy folklora bukharskih arabov. 2” [“Samples of Folklore of the Bukhara Arabs. 2”], (in Russian). Archiv Orientalni 25, no. 3 (1957): 426–451.
–––. “Folklor bukharskih arabov” [“The Folklore of the Bukhara Arabs”], (in Russian). Acta Orientalia 6, nos. 1–3 (1957): 181–206.
–––. “Koranicheskie zametki; Koran 96:1–2” [“Qur’ānic Notes; Qur’ān 96:1–2”]. Issledovaniia po istorii kultury narodov Vostoka [Research on the History of Culture of Eastern Peoples], 309–312, (in Russian). Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1960.
–––. Slovar' dialekta bukharskikh arabov [A Dictionary of the Bukharian Arabic Dialect], (in Russian). Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1962.
–––. Iazyk i fol'klor bukharskikh arabov [Language and Folklore of the Bukharian Arabs], (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, Glavnaia redaktsiia vostochnoi literatury, 1969.
–––. “The Qashqadarya Arabs (Language, Folklore, Ethnography).” In Jeynov – “We arrived” (The Language and Material Culture of the Qashqadarya Arabs), edited by Anna Kudriavtceva & Efim Rezvan, 35–411, (in Russian). St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2023.
How to Cite
Rezvan, Efim. 2024. “Paying Tribute: Returning to the Story of the “Qur‘ān of ‘Uthmān”. Journal of College of Sharia and Islamic Studies 42 (2). https://doi.org/10.29117/jcsis.2024.0387.
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