أثر الخطأ على المسؤولية الجنائية: دراسة تحليلية في النظام القانوني الأنجلوسكسوني
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منشور
أكت 26, 2022
Copyright Information
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
الملخص
تتناول هذه الدراسة موضوعًا مهمًا، دائًما ما يُطرق على مستوى الفقه الجنائي، وهو أثر الخطأ في الواقع أو القانون على المسؤولية الجنائية. وقد يكون لهذا الخطأ أثر إذا ما تعلق بالواقع، ولكن يستحيل – في الفقه العربي – أن يكون له أثر إذا ما تعلق بنص قانوني جنائي، وهنا ما استحدثته هذه الدراسة باللجوء إلى النظام الأنجلوسكسوني الذي يعرف بعض الاستثناءات؛ لذا تشكل هذه الدراسة، وتهدف إلى تقديم دعوة للفقه العربي بإعادة النظر في القاعدة المطلقة التي تمنع الاعتداد بالخطأ في القانون كمبرر للقول بانتفاء المسؤولية الجنائية. وفي سبيل تحقيق هذا الهدف لجأت هذه الدراسة إلى تبني المنهج التحليلي للسوابق القضائية والفقه في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية بشأن هذا الموضوع. وقد انتهت هذه الدراسة أن هناك بعض الأفكار الموجودة في النظام الأمريكي لا يمكن تبنيها في الأنظمة التشريعية العربية، وبعض الأفكار يمكن تبنيها، وإعادة صياغتها.
المقاييس
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الكلمات المفتاحية
الخطأ في الواقعالخطأ في القانونالمسؤولية الجنائيةالقانون الجنائي النموذجيالركن المعنوي
المراجع
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Austin, J. S. R. Lectures on Jurisprudence 497 (4th ed. 1879).
Buell, S. Novel Criminal Fraud, NYU L. Rev., 81, 1971, (2006).
Cass, Ronald A. Ignorance of the Law: A Maxim Reexamined, 17 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 671 (1976).
Cavallaro, Rosanna. A Big Mistake: Eroding the Defense of Mistake of Fact About Consent in Rape, 86 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 815 (1996).
Chin, Gabriel J. et al. The Mistake of Law Defense and an Unconstitutional Provision of the Model Penal Code, 93 N.C.L. Rev. 139 (2014).
Cowley, David. The Retreat from Morgan, 1982 Crim. L. Rev. 198.
Darley, John M. et al., The Ex Ante Function of the Criminal Law, 35 law & Soc’y Rev. 165 (2001).
Dressler, J. Understanding Criminal Law. (4th ed.). Newark: LexisNexis, (2006).
Duff, R.A. Recklessness and Rape, 3 Liverpool L. Rev. 49 (1981).
Dutile, Fernand N. & Harold F. Moore, Mistake and Impossibility; Arranging a Marriage between Two Difficult Partners, 74 Nw. U. L. Rev. 166 (1979).
Endicott, T. Vagueness in Law. Oxford: Oxford U. Press (2001).
Eser, A. Mental Elements: Mistake of Fact and Mistake of Law, in The Rome Statute of The International Criminal Court: A Commentary, v. 1 (Cassese, A., Gaeta, P., & Jones, J., eds.). Oxford University Press (2002).
Faulkner, James. Mens Rea in Rape: Morgan and the Inadequacy of Subjectivism, or Why No Should Not Mean Yes in the Eyes of the Law, 18 MeIb. U. L. Rev. 60 (1991).
Fletcher, George P. Mistake in the Model Penal Code: A False Problem, 19 Rutgers L.J. 649 (1988).
––––. Rethinking Criminal Law §§ 9.1-9.3.3 (1978).
Gur-Arye, Miriam Reliance on a Lawyer’s Mistaken Advice — Should It Be an Excuse from Criminal Liability?, 29 Am. J. Crim. L. 455 (2002).
Hall, Jerome. General Principles of Criminal Law 382-414 (2nd ed. 1960).
Kahan, Dan M. Ignorance of Law Is an Excuse — But Only for the Virtuous, 96 Mich. L. Rev. 127 (1997).
Leonard, G. Rape, Murder, and Formalism: What Happens if We Define Mistake of Law? U. Colo. L. Rev., 72, 507 (2001).
Low, Peter W. & Benjamin Charles Wood, Lambert Revisited, 100 Va. L. Rev. 1603 (2014).
Low, Peter W. The Model Penal Code, the Common Law, and Mistakes of Fact: Recklessness, Negligence, or Strict Liability?, 19 Rutgers L.J. 539 (1988).
Moore, Michael S. Causation and the Excuses, 73 Cal. L. Rev. 1091, 1149 (1985).
Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Common Law 48 (1881).
Parry, John T. Culpability, Mistake, and Official Interpretations of Law, 25 Am. J. Crim. L. 1(1997).
Perkins, Rollin M. & Ronald N. Boyce, Criminal Law 291 (3rd ed. 1982).
Perkins, Rollin M. Ignorance and Mistake in Criminal Law, 88 U. Pa. L. Rev. 35 (1939).
References:
Schumann, H. Criminal Law, in M. Reimann & J. Zekoll, Introduction to German Law (2nd ed.). The Hague: Kluwer Law International (2005).
Simester, A. B. & G. R. Sullivan. Criminal Law: Theory and Doctrine (3rd ed.). Oxford: Hart Publishing (2007).
Simons, K. Does Punishment for ‘Culpable Indifference’ Simply Punish for ‘Bad Character’? Examining the Requisite Connection between Mens Rea and Actus Reus. Buffalo Criminal Law Review, 6, 219 (2003).
———. Ignorance and Mistake of Criminal Law, Noncriminal Law, and Fact, 9 Ohio St. J. Crim. L. 487 (2012).
———. Mistake and Impossibility, Law and Fact, and Culpability: A Speculative Essay, 81 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 447 (1990).
———. Should the Model Penal Code’s Mens Rea Provisions Be Amended? Ohio State J. Crim. L., 1, 179 (2003).
Stuart, D. Canadian Criminal Law (5th ed.). Thomson Canada Limited (2007).
Thomas W. White, Reliance on Apparent Authority as a Defense to Criminal Prosecution, 77 Colum. L. Rev. 775 (1977).
Westen, P. Impossible Attempts: A Speculative Thesis. Ohio St. J. Crim. L. 5, 523 (2008).
Yeager, Daniel. Kahan on Mistakes, 96 Mich. L. Rev.2113 (1998).
Alexander, L. The Philosophy of Criminal Law, in Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law (J. Coleman & S. Shapiro eds.). New York: Oxford University Press. (2002).
Aristotle, The Complete Works of Aristotle 1791 (Jonathan Barnes ed., 1984).
Austin, J. S. R. Lectures on Jurisprudence 497 (4th ed. 1879).
Buell, S. Novel Criminal Fraud, NYU L. Rev., 81, 1971, (2006).
Cass, Ronald A. Ignorance of the Law: A Maxim Reexamined, 17 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 671 (1976).
Cavallaro, Rosanna. A Big Mistake: Eroding the Defense of Mistake of Fact About Consent in Rape, 86 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 815 (1996).
Chin, Gabriel J. et al. The Mistake of Law Defense and an Unconstitutional Provision of the Model Penal Code, 93 N.C.L. Rev. 139 (2014).
Cowley, David. The Retreat from Morgan, 1982 Crim. L. Rev. 198.
Darley, John M. et al., The Ex Ante Function of the Criminal Law, 35 law & Soc’y Rev. 165 (2001).
Dressler, J. Understanding Criminal Law. (4th ed.). Newark: LexisNexis, (2006).
Duff, R.A. Recklessness and Rape, 3 Liverpool L. Rev. 49 (1981).
Dutile, Fernand N. & Harold F. Moore, Mistake and Impossibility; Arranging a Marriage between Two Difficult Partners, 74 Nw. U. L. Rev. 166 (1979).
Endicott, T. Vagueness in Law. Oxford: Oxford U. Press (2001).
Eser, A. Mental Elements: Mistake of Fact and Mistake of Law, in The Rome Statute of The International Criminal Court: A Commentary, v. 1 (Cassese, A., Gaeta, P., & Jones, J., eds.). Oxford University Press (2002).
Faulkner, James. Mens Rea in Rape: Morgan and the Inadequacy of Subjectivism, or Why No Should Not Mean Yes in the Eyes of the Law, 18 MeIb. U. L. Rev. 60 (1991).
Fletcher, George P. Mistake in the Model Penal Code: A False Problem, 19 Rutgers L.J. 649 (1988).
––––. Rethinking Criminal Law §§ 9.1-9.3.3 (1978).
Gur-Arye, Miriam Reliance on a Lawyer’s Mistaken Advice — Should It Be an Excuse from Criminal Liability?, 29 Am. J. Crim. L. 455 (2002).
Hall, Jerome. General Principles of Criminal Law 382-414 (2nd ed. 1960).
Kahan, Dan M. Ignorance of Law Is an Excuse — But Only for the Virtuous, 96 Mich. L. Rev. 127 (1997).
Leonard, G. Rape, Murder, and Formalism: What Happens if We Define Mistake of Law? U. Colo. L. Rev., 72, 507 (2001).
Low, Peter W. & Benjamin Charles Wood, Lambert Revisited, 100 Va. L. Rev. 1603 (2014).
Low, Peter W. The Model Penal Code, the Common Law, and Mistakes of Fact: Recklessness, Negligence, or Strict Liability?, 19 Rutgers L.J. 539 (1988).
Moore, Michael S. Causation and the Excuses, 73 Cal. L. Rev. 1091, 1149 (1985).
Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Common Law 48 (1881).
Parry, John T. Culpability, Mistake, and Official Interpretations of Law, 25 Am. J. Crim. L. 1(1997).
Perkins, Rollin M. & Ronald N. Boyce, Criminal Law 291 (3rd ed. 1982).
Perkins, Rollin M. Ignorance and Mistake in Criminal Law, 88 U. Pa. L. Rev. 35 (1939).
References:
Schumann, H. Criminal Law, in M. Reimann & J. Zekoll, Introduction to German Law (2nd ed.). The Hague: Kluwer Law International (2005).
Simester, A. B. & G. R. Sullivan. Criminal Law: Theory and Doctrine (3rd ed.). Oxford: Hart Publishing (2007).
Simons, K. Does Punishment for ‘Culpable Indifference’ Simply Punish for ‘Bad Character’? Examining the Requisite Connection between Mens Rea and Actus Reus. Buffalo Criminal Law Review, 6, 219 (2003).
———. Ignorance and Mistake of Criminal Law, Noncriminal Law, and Fact, 9 Ohio St. J. Crim. L. 487 (2012).
———. Mistake and Impossibility, Law and Fact, and Culpability: A Speculative Essay, 81 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 447 (1990).
———. Should the Model Penal Code’s Mens Rea Provisions Be Amended? Ohio State J. Crim. L., 1, 179 (2003).
Stuart, D. Canadian Criminal Law (5th ed.). Thomson Canada Limited (2007).
Thomas W. White, Reliance on Apparent Authority as a Defense to Criminal Prosecution, 77 Colum. L. Rev. 775 (1977).
Westen, P. Impossible Attempts: A Speculative Thesis. Ohio St. J. Crim. L. 5, 523 (2008).
Yeager, Daniel. Kahan on Mistakes, 96 Mich. L. Rev.2113 (1998).
كيفية الاقتباس
العيفان م. خ. . (2022). أثر الخطأ على المسؤولية الجنائية: دراسة تحليلية في النظام القانوني الأنجلوسكسوني . المجلة الدولية للقانون, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.29117/irl.2022.0227
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