تأثير الانتماءات الأولية على العنف المنظم: مقاربات بينية

Abstract

Regional affiliations can be viewed as the black market or shadow realm of politics, surfacing and flourishing whenever the natural political order is disrupted or political systems face crises. These affiliations represent a manifestation of illegitimate practices within the broader power struggles. Their roots stem from the ethnic, tribal, and sectarian diversity that defines pluralistic societies. Although this cultural and social diversity is rich, it inherently generates tensions among different social groups, often culminating in collective violence, where each tribe fosters its own solidarity and deploys it against others. From this fixed perspective, tribalism appears as a structural issue within societies with pluralistic frameworks, making its elimination difficult as long as these structures persist. Despite this, no definitive solution or comprehensive approach has yet been found to address civil wars and collective violence in countries like Sudan and Ethiopia, highlighting the urgent need to explore mechanisms to mitigate these phenomena or to promote peaceful and sustainable coexistence. In addressing the research question on the relationship between regional affiliations and collective violence, an interdisciplinary approach has been adopted, incorporating sociology, political science, and intersecting fields within the social sciences. With recent developments, tribes have assumed an increasingly prominent role in the political landscape, often participating in the political process to serve the interests of regimes or the state. However, this shift presents a significant threat to national identity, as it reproduces tribal affiliations as parallel centers of power, undermining the concept of citizenship and an inclusive sense of national belonging.