The Level of Implementation of Learning Disabilities Programs at the Secondary Stage in Riyadh According to Kohler's Taxonomy for Transition Services
Abstract
This study examined teachers’ level of implementation of transition practices related to Kohler’s taxonomy for transition programming The participants were special education teachers (n = 53) of high schoolers with learning disabilities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The overall finding indicated an average level of implementation across all practices recommended in Kohler’s taxonomy. When considered within their domains, an average level of implementation was also identified concerning student-focused planning, student development, family engagement, and program structures. Only practices related to interagency collaboration showed a weak level of implementation. In addition, there were no significant differences in teachers’ implementation level due to differences in their gender, academic qualifications, years of experience in education, experience with students with learning disabilities, and amount of training related to transition. The study concluded by discussing the findings and recommending adopting Kohler’s framework by teacher preparation programs and learning disabilities programs at the secondary stage of education to ensure that students with learning disabilities are empowered to achieve a successful transition.
Metrics
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Learning disabilitiesHigh schoolTransition servicesTeachersResource room
Al-Hudhaib, M. S. (2016). Taqyīm al-iḥtiyājāt al-tadrībiyya li-khidmāt al-intiqāl lada mu‘allimāt al-ṭālibāt dhawāt ṣu‘ūbāt al-ta‘allum bi-l-marḥala al-thanawiyya bi-l-Sa‘ūdiyya (in Arabic). [Risāla mājistīr manshūra, Jāmi‘at al-Khalīj al-‘Arabī]. Qā‘idat Ma‘lūmāt Dār al-Manẓūma, al-Riyāḍ, al-Sa‘ūdiyya.
Al-Quraynī, T. (2013). Madā taqdīm al-khidmāt al-intiqāliyya fī al-mu’assasāt al-ta‘līmiyya li-l-talāmīdh dhawī al-i‘āqa al-muta‘addida, wa-ahamiyyatihā min manẓūr al-‘āmilīn fīhā (in Arabic). Majallat al-Tarbiyya wa-‘Ilm al-Nafs, 40, 58–85. https://gesten.ksu.edu.sa
Al-Sarṭāwī, Z., & al-Ḥumayḍī, B. (2018). Al-khidmāt al-intiqāliyya al-muqaddama li-l-ṭālibāt dhawāt ṣu‘ūbāt al-ta‘allum fī barāmij al-marḥala al-thanawiyya (in Arabic). Majallat al-Tarbiyya al-Khāṣṣa wa-l-Ta’hīl, 6(25), 1–46. https://sero.journals.ekb.eg
Al-Shahrī, A. Kh. (2019). Darajat taṭbīq al-khuṭaṭ al-intiqāliyya li-l-talīmidhāt dhawāt ṣu‘ūbāt al-ta‘allum fī ḍaw’ ba‘ḍ al-mutaghayyirāt (in Arabic). [Risāla mājistīr ghayr manshūra]. Qism al-Tarbiyya al-Khāṣṣa, Kulliyyāt al-Sharq al-‘Arabī, Jāmi‘at al-Yamāma, al-Riyāḍ, al-Sa‘ūdiyya.
Al-Shamlānī, M. (2016). Wāqi‘ al-khidmāt al-intiqāliyya li-l-talīmidhāt dhawāt ṣu‘ūbāt al-ta‘allum min wijhat naẓar awliyā’ al-umūr (in Arabic). [Risāla mājistīr ghayr manshūra]. Qism al-Tarbiyya al-Khāṣṣa, Kulliyyāt al-Sharq al-‘Arabī, Jāmi‘at al-Yamāma, al-Riyāḍ, al-Sa‘ūdiyya.
Al-Tuhāmī, N.; ʻAlī, I.; al-Miṣrī, I.; & ʻAlī, Y. (2018). al-Marjiʻ fī ṣuʻūbāt al-taʻallum wa-subul ʻilājihā (1st ed.) (in Arabic). Dār al-ʻIlm wa-al-Īmān lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ. https://www.elmarjaa.com
Almalky, H., & Alqahtani, S. (2022). School and business partnerships to support job training for students with developmental and other disabilities: employers’ perspectives. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(9), 3949-3957. https://doi.org/10.1007
Atkinson, V. S. (2014). Supporting students with disabilities in transition: A case study of a college mentoring program. State University of New York: Binghamton, NY. https://www.proquest.com
Bailey, S. (2009). Parent involvement in transition planning for students with learning disabilities (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). https://www.proquest.com
Beamish, W., Meadows, D., & Davies, M. (2012). Benchmarking teacher practice in Queensland transition programs for youth with intellectual disability and autism. The Journal of Special Education, 45, 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466910366602.
Bell, L. H.A. (2011). Study of teachers' and administration perception of public-school transition practices (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). https://www.proquest.com/
Brezenski, P. (2018). An examination of the student-focused transition planning process in a rural setting (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). https://www.proquest.com
Chaplin, E. K. (2011). The experience of students with learning disabilities transitioning to postsecondary education (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). https://central.bac-lac.
Cook, B., Buysse, V., Klingner, J., Landrum, T., Tankersley, M., Test, D. (2014). Council for exceptional children: standards for evidence-based practices in special education. Teaching Exceptional Children, 46(6), 206-212. https://www.proquest.com
Cortiella, C. & Horowitz, S. H. (2014). The state of learning disabilities: Facts, trends and emerging issues. New York: National Center for Learning Disabilities, 25(3), 2-45.https://www.myschoolpsychology.com
Denhart, H. (2008). Deconstructing barriers: Perceptions of students labeled with learning disabilities in education. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 41(6), 483-497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219408321151
Georgallis, K. C. (2015). Transition programming for students with learning disabilities from high school to college (Published doctoral dissertation). https://www.proquest.com
Gross, J. M., Haines, S. J., Hill, C., Francis, G. L., Blue-Banning, M., & Turnbull, A. P. (2015). Strong school-community partnerships in inclusive schools are "part of the fabric of the school, we count on them". School Community Journal, 25(2), 9-34.https://files.eric.ed.gov
Ḥamdān, M., al-Miṣrī, A., & al-Balawī, F. (2015). Mustawā taṭbīq mahārāt al-takhṭīṭ al-mabnī ‘alā al-fard ma‘a al-afrād dhawī al-i‘āqa fī markaz al-tahīl al-mihnī al-ḥukūmiyya fī al-Urdun (in Arabic). Al-Majalla al-Tarbawiyya al-Duwaliyya al-Mutaḥaṣṣiṣa, Dār Simāt li-l-Dirāsāt wa-l-Abḥāth, 12, 201–214.
Ḥammāda, ‘U. al-S. (2020). Mu‘awwiqāt taṭbīq al-khidmāt al-intiqāliyya li-l-ṭullāb dhawī al-iḥtiyājāt al-khāṣṣa min wijhat naẓar al-mu‘allimīn wa-l-ḥulūl al-muqtarḥa li-l-taghallub ‘alayhā (in Arabic). Al-Majalla al-Miṣriyya li-Dirāsāt al-Nafsiyya, 30(109), 155–178.
Kohler, P. D. (1996). Taxonomy for transition programming: Linking research and practice. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED399722.pdf
Kohler, P. D. & Field, S. (2003). Transition-focused education: Foundation for the future. The Journal of Special Education, 37(3), 174-183. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ785945.pdf
Kohler, P., Gothberg, J., & Coyle, J. (2017). Using the taxonomy for transition programming 2.0 to guide transition education. In Transitioning children with disabilities, 169-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6351-134-6_11
Landmark, L. J., Roberts, E. L., & Zhang, D. (2013). Educators’ beliefs and practices about parent involvement in transition planning. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 36(2), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/2165143412463047
Li, J., Bassett, S. D., & Hutchinson, S. R. (2009). Secondary special educators’ transition involvement. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 34, 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668250902849113
Madaus, J. W., Gerber, P. J., & Price, L. A. (2008). Adults with learning disabilities in the workforce: Lessons for secondary transition programs. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 23(3), 148-153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5826.2008.00272.x
Ministry of Education (2017) Regulatory Guide for School Partnership with the Family and Community (in Arabic). Retrieved on October 16, 2022 from: https://edu.moe.gov.sa
Morningstar, M. E., Kleinhammer-Tramill, P. J., & Lattin, D. L. (1999). Using successful models of student-centered transition planning and services for adolescents with disabilities. Focus on Exceptional Children, 31(9), 1-19. http://hdl.handle.net/1808/25699
Morningstar, M. E., Trainor, A. A., & Murray, A. (2015). Examining outcomes associated with adult life engagement for young adults with high incidence disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 43(3), 195-208.https://www.researchgate.net.pdf
Morningstar, M., & Mazzotti, V. (2014). Teacher preparation to deliver evidence-based transition planning and services to youth with disabilities. CEDAR Center, University of Florida. https://ceedar.education.pdf
Mousa, D. (2018). Su‘ubāt al-ta‘allum lada tullāb al-jāmi‘a min wāqi‘ al-dirāsāt al-nafsiyya al-mu‘āṣira: Murāja‘a naẓariyya (in Arabic). Majallat al-Khidma al-Nafsiyya, 11, 243–254.
Muktamath, V. U., Hegde, P. R., & Chand, S. (2022). Types of specific learning disability. Learning Disabilities-Neurobiology, Assessment, Clinical Features and Treatments. https://www.intechopen.com.
Muṭāwiʻ, Ḍ.; al-Khalīfah, Ḥ.; & ʻAṭīfah; Ḥ. (2017). Mabādiʼ al-Baḥth wa-mahārātuh fī al-ʻUlūm al-Tarbawīyah wa-al-nafsīyah wa-al-Ijtimāʻīyah (1st ed.) (in Arabic). Maktabat al-Mutanabbī.
Newman, L. A., Madaus, J. W., Lalor, A. R., & Javitz, H. S. (2019). Support receipt: Effect on postsecondary success of students with learning disabilities. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 42(1), 6-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2165143418811288
Patton, J. R., & Kim, M. K. (2016). The importance of transition planning for special needs students. Revista Portuguesa de Educação, 29(1), 9-26. https://doi.org/10.21814/rpe.8713
Piasta, S. B., Connor, C. M., Fishman, B. J., & Morrison, F. J. (2009). Teachers’ knowledge of literacy concepts, classroom practices, and student reading growth. Scientific Studies of Reading, 13(3), 224–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888430902851364
Povenmire-Kirk, T., Diegelmann, K., Crump, K., Schnorr, C., Test, D., Flowers, C., & Aspel, N. (2015). Implementing CIRCLES: A new model for interagency collaboration in transition planning. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 42(1), 51-65.https://www.researchgate.net
Razak, A. N. A., Noordin, M. K., Ja'afar, Z., Khanan, M. F. A., & Ismail, S. (2022). A Meta-analysis for the inclusion of area of kohler's taxonomy in transition program for students with disabilities. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education, 14(5). http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/INTJECSE/V14I5.965
Schechter, J. (2018). University students with disabilities: Factors that contribute to their self-predicted likelihood of graduation. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(4), 335-349. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1214186.pdf
Shogren, K. A. & Wehmeyer, M. L. (Eds.). (2020). Handbook of adolescent transition education for youth with disabilities. Routledge. https://books.google.com
Sutton, R. (2014). Students with disabilities: Making IDEA transition services work. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Rowan University. https://rdw.rowan.edu/etd/460
Test, D. W., Fowler, C. H., White, J., Richter, S., & Walker, A. (2009). Evidence-based secondary transition practices for enhancing school completion. Exceptionality, 17(1), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/09362830802590144
Test, D. W., Fowler, C., Kohler, P., & Kortering, L. (2010). Evidence-based practices and predictors in secondary transition: What we know and what we still need to know. Charlotte, NC: National Secondary Transition Technical Assistance Center. https://www.researchgate
Wizārat al-Ta‘līm bi-l-Mamlaka al-‘Arabiyya al-Su‘ūdiyya. (2016a). Al-dalīl al-tanzīmī li-ma‘āhid wa-barāmij al-tarbiyya al-khāṣṣa. Istu‘rija bi-tārīkh: 23/1/2022, min al-rābiṭ: https://moe.gov.sa Ministry of Education. (2016). Regulatory guide for special education institutes and programs (in Arabic). ]Retrieved on January 23, 2022[ from the link: https://moe.gov.sa
Wizārat al-Ta‘līm bi-l-Mamlaka al-‘Arabiyya al-Su‘ūdiyya. (2016b). Dalīl ‘amal barāmij ṣu‘ūbāt al-ta‘allum fī al-marḥala al-mutawassiṭa wa-l-thanawiyya. Istu‘rija bi-tārīkh: 18/7/2022, min al-rābiṭ: https://edu.moe.gov.saMinistry of Education. (2016). A guide to implementing learning difficulties programs in the middle and secondary levels (in Arabic). ]Retrieved on July 18, 2022[ from the link:https://drive.google.com
Wizārat al-Ta‘līm bi-l-Mamlaka al-‘Arabiyya al-Su‘ūdiyya. (2020a). Dalīl mu‘allim ṣu‘ūbāt al-ta‘allum li-l-khidmāt al-intiqāliyya bi-l-Mamlaka al-‘Arabiyya al-Su‘ūdiyya. Istu‘rija bi-tārīkh: 4/1/2022, min al-rābiṭ: https://www.moe.gov.sa
Wizārat al-Ta‘līm bi-l-Mamlaka al-‘Arabiyya al-Su‘ūdiyya. (2020b). Dalīl mu‘allim ṣu‘ūbāt al-ta‘allum li-l-marḥalatayn al-mutawassiṭa wa-l-thanawiyya. Istu‘rija bi-tārīkh: 11/1/2022, min al-rābiṭ: https://moe.gov.saMinistry of Education. (2020). A learning disability teacher's guide for the middle and secondary levels (in Arabic). ]Retrieved on January 11, 2022[ from the link: https://moe.gov.sa
Xu, T., Dempsey, I., & Foreman, P. (2016). Validating Kohler's Taxonomy of Transition Programming for adolescents with intellectual disability in the Chinese context. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 48, 242-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2015.11.013
************************************************************************************
أبونيان، إبراهيم سعد. (2020). صعوبات التعلم ودور معلمي التعليم العام في تقديم الخدمات(ط1). مكتبة الملك فهد الوطنية، الرياض، السعودية. http://v2.kscdr.org.sa
التهامي، نازك وعلي، إسماعيل والمصري، إبراهيم وعلي، ياسمين. (2018). المرجع في صعوبات التعلم وسبل علاجها (ط1). دار العلم والإيمان للنشر والتوزيع، دسوق، مصر. https://www.elmarjaa.com
حمادة، عمر السيد. (2020). معوقات تطبيق الخدمات الانتقالية للطلاب ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة من وجهة نظر المعلمين والحلول المقترحة للتغلب عليها. المجلة المصرية للدراسات النفسية، 30 (109)، 155-178.https://ejcj.journals.ekb.eg
حمدان، محمد والمصري، أماني والبلوي، فيصل. (2015). مستوى تطبيق مهارات التَّخطيط المبني على الفرد مع الأفراد ذوي الإعاقة في مراكز التأهيل المهني الحكومية في الأردن. المجلة التربوية الدولية المتخصصة دار سمات للدارات والأبحاث، (12)، 201-214. http://search.shamaa.org
السرطاوي، زيدان والحميضي، باسمة. (2018). الخدمات الانتقالية المقدمة للطالبات ذوات صعوبات التعلم في برامج المرحلة الثانوية. مجلة التربية الخاصة والتأهيل، 6(25)، 1-46. https://sero.journals.ekb.eg
الشملاني، مشاعل. (2016). واقع الخدمات الانتقالية للتلميذات ذوات صعوبات التعلم من وجهة نظر أولياء الأمور. (رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة). قسم التربية الخاصة، كليات الشرق العربي، جامعة اليمامة، الرياض، السعودية.
الشهري، أبرار خالد. (2019). درجة تطبيق الخطط الانتقالية للتلميذات ذوات صعوبات التعلم في ضوء بعض المتغيرات. (رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة). قسم التربية الخاصة، كليات الشرق العربي، جامعة اليمامة، الرياض، السعودية.
القريني، تركي. (2013). مدى تقديم الخدمات الانتقاليَّة في المؤسسات التَّعليمية للتلاميذ ذوي الإعاقة المتعددة، وأهميتها من منظور العاملين فيها. مجلة التَّربية وعلم النَّفس، (40)، 58-85. https://gesten.ksu.edu.sa
مطاوع، ضياء والخليفة، حسن وعطيفة، حمدي. (2017). مبادئ البحث ومهاراته في العلوم التربوية والنفسية والاجتماعية (ط1). مكتبة المتنبي، الدمام، السعودية.
موسى، دينا. (2018). صعوبات التعلم لدى طلاب الجامعة من واقع الدراسات النفسية المعاصرة: مراجعة نظرية. مجلة الخدمة النفسية، (11)، 243-254. https://journals.ekb.eg
الهديب، منيرة سليمان. (2016). تقييم الاحتياجات التدريبية لخدمات الانتقال لدى معلمات الطالبات ذوات صعوبات التعلم بالمرحلة الثانوية بالسعودية. (رسالة ماجستير منشورة، جامعة الخليج العربي). قاعدة معلومات دار المنظومة، الرياض، السعودية.
وزارة التَّعليم بالمملكة العربيَّة السُّعوديَّة. (2016a). الدليل التنظيمي لمعاهد وبرامج التربية الخاصة. استُرجع بتاريخ: 23/1/2022، من الرابط: https://moe.gov.sa
وزارة التَّعليم بالمملكة العربيَّة السُّعوديَّة. (2016b). دليل عمل برامج صعوبات التَّعلُّم في المرحلة المتوسِّطة والثَّانويّة. استُرجع بتاريخ: 18/7/2022، من الرابط: https://edu.moe.gov.sa
وزارة التَّعليم بالمملكة العربيَّة السُّعوديَّة. (2017) الدَّليل التنظيمي لشراكة المدرسة مع الأسرة والمجتمع. استُرجع بتاريخ: 16/10/2022، من الرابط: https://edu.moe.gov.sa
وزارة التَّعليم بالمملكة العربيَّة السُّعوديَّة. (a2020). دليل معلم صعوبات التعلم للخدمات الانتقالية بالمملكة العربية السعودية. استُرجع بتاريخ: 4/1/2022، من الرابط: https://www.moe.gov.sa
وزارة التَّعليم بالمملكة العربيَّة السُّعوديَّة. (b2020). دليل معلِّم صعوبات التَّعلُّم للمرحلتين المتوسِّطة والثَّانويّ. استُرجع بتاريخ: 11/1/2022، من الرابط: https://moe.gov.sa

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0058-9349