Partial False Cognates between Arabic and Turkish Languages
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Mar 21, 2023
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Abstract
Partial false cognates constitute a part of the phenomenon of false cognates which represent a difficulty in interlinguistic studies. Although this issue has been extensively studied in foreign languages; However, it is still scarce with regard to the Arabic language, and this is what prompted us to choose investigating this phenomenon between Arabic and Turkish due to the large number of Arabic loanwords in the Turkish.
The research has identified the partial false friends in Arabic and Turkish languages, and tried to determine the semantic changes that common words have undergone in the Turkish language.
The research reached the following results:
- There are a good number of partial false cognates in Arabic and Turkish.
- These common words retained in Turkish at least one of their original meanings used in Arabic by developing a different additional meaning.
- These words, in their development of new meanings, followed many paths of semantic changes, such as generalization of meaning, specification of meaning, or semantic transfer.
This research is expected to fill a gap in the field of interlinguistic studies, and in the field of contrastive analysis of the Arabic and Turkish languages, and to contribute to facilitating the task of teaching Arabic to the Turks, and teaching Turkish to the Arabs. This research will form a starting point and a basis for other research that expands the scope of research in the contrastive analysis of Arabic and Turkish languages at all language levels.
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Keywords
False cognatesPartial false friendsSemantic changesContrastive analysisArabicTurkish
References
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Alhasan, Muhammed Muvaffak. "Full Fales Cognates in Arabic and Turkish Languages (in Arabic). "Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, (Accepted), 2022.
Alhasan, Muhammed Muvaffak. "Morphological Deviations in Arabic Loanwords in Turkish and its Role in Semantic Ambiguity (in Arabic). "Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, (Accepted), 2021.
Al-Hashmi, S. "The Phonetics and Phonology of Arabic Loanwords in Turkish: residual effects of gutturals". PhD thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20807/
Anadolu Agancy: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr
Ar-Rajhi, Abdo. Applied Linguistics and Teaching Arabic (in Arabic). Darul-Ma'rifa Aljami'iyah, 1995.
Aṣ-Ṣāliḥ, S. Dirāsāt fi fiqh al-Luġah (in Arabic). Dar al-ʿilm lil-Malāyīn, 2009
Carroll, S. E., "On Cognates," Second Language Research, 8, 2, 1992, 93-119.
Dağarcık Yayın Kurulu, Türkçe – Arapça Sözlük, Dağarcık Yayınları, 2012.
Dominguez P. J. C. and Nerlich, B., "False friends: their origin and semantics in some selected languages". Journal of Pragmatics, 34, 2002, 1833–1849. Elsevier, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00024-3
Dursunoğlu, H., "Türkiye Türkçesindeki Arapça Sözcükler Ve Bu Sözcüklerdeki Ses Olayları", Journal of Turkish Studies, 9, 2014, 145-155. TurkishStudies, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.7028
Ercilasun, A. B. Başlangıcından yirminci yüzyıla türk dili tarihi. Akçağ Yayınları, 2004.
Goksel, A. and Kerslake, C. Turkish: A comprehensive grammar. Psychology Press, 2005.
Haqqī, S. Muʿǧam al-Alfāẓ al-ʿarabiyyah fi al-Luġah at-Turkiyyah (in Arabic), Imam Mohammed bin Suud University Press, 2005.
Hilu, J. "False friends and translation: a case study of Iraqi students of translation", al-Mustansiriya Journal of Arts, 82, 2018, 1-15.
Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʿarab (in Arabic). Dar al-Maʿārif. 1930.
İşler, E. and Özay, İ. Türkçe – Arapça kapsamlı sözlük. 5. Baskı, Fecr Yayınları, 2015.
İşler, E. Türkçe'de Anlam Kaymasına Uğrayan Arapça Kelime ve Kelime Grupları. Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı, 1997.
Johansson, S. Contrastive analysis and learner language: A corpus-based approach. University of Oslo, 2008.
Lao, Y. A. D. "First Language Interferences into English Writing Skill of the 12th Grade Students of Sma Negeri 1 Kupang in Academic Year 2017/2018." International Journal of Research-Granthaalayah, 5, 12, 2017, 33-44, Science – Zenodo, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1133564
Maǧmaʿ al-Luġah al-ʿarabiyyah bil-Qāhirah, al-Muʿǧam al-Wasīṭ (in Arabic) . 4th ed., Maktabat aš-Šurūq ad-Dawliyyah , 2004.
Omar, A. M.. Muʿǧam al-ʿarabiyyah al-Muʿaṣirah (in Arabic). 1st ed., ʿālam al-Kutub, 2008.
Özçakmak, H. "Arapça Kökenli Sözcüklerin Türkçe Öğrenmeye Etkisine Dair Öğrenci Görüşleri". Turkish Studies - Language and Literature, 14, 3, 2019, 1479-1495. TurkishStudies, DOI: 10.29228/TurkishStudies.36998
Özkan, M. Türk Dilinin Gelişme Alanları Ve Eski Anadolu Türkcesi. Filiz kitabevi, 1995.
Qaddūr, A. Mabādiʿ al-Lisaniyyaāt (in Arabic). 3rd ed., Dar al-Fikr, 2008.
Ṣīnī, M. I. and Al-Amīn, I. M. At-Taqābul al-Luġawī wa Taḥlīl al-Aẖṭāʾ (in Arabic), King Saud University press, 1982.
Türk Dil Kurumu: https://sozluk.gov.tr/
Uzun, L. and Salihoglu, U. "English-Turkish Cognates and False Cognates: Computer Programs translate compiling a Corpus and Testing How They." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 45, 4, 2009, 569-593. De Gruyter, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10010-009-0031-5
Yetkin, N. "Partial false friends in English - Turkish translations: diplomatic texts." Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28, 1, 2011, 207-222. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/huefd/issue/41212/505390
Yılmaz, N. D. E. "Ural-Altay Dilleri ve Altay Dilleri Teorisi, Türkler, c. I, 394-402, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, 2002.
Uzun, L. ; Salihoglu, U. (2009). English-Turkish Cognates and False Cognates: Compiling a Corpus and Testing How They are Translated by Computer Programs. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 45(4), 569-593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10010-009-0031-5
*******************************************************************
الحجورى، صالح بن عياد. "النظائر المخادعة فى تعليم اللغة الأجنبية وتعلمها: اللغة العربية نموذجًا". مجلة جامعة الملك عبد العزيز – الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، 26، 2، 2018، 145-189.
الحسن، محمد موفق. "العدول الصرفي في الكلمات العربية المقترضة في اللغة التركية ودوره في الالتباس الدلالي". مجلة دراسات الجامعة الأردنية: سلسلة العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية، (مقبول للنشر)، 2021.
–––. "النظائر المخادعة الكليّة في اللغتين العربية والتركية". مجلة دراسات الجامعة الأردنية: سلسلة العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية، (مقبول للنشر)، 2022.
الراجحي، عبده. علم اللغة التطبيقي وتعليم اللغة العربية. دار المعرفة الجامعية، 1995.
حقّي، سهيل صابان. معجم الألفاظ العربية في اللغة التركية. جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود، 2005.
الصالح، صبحي. دراسات في فقه اللغة. دار العلم للملايين، 2009.
صيني، محمود إسماعيل والأمين، إسحق محمد. التقابل اللغوي وتحليل الأخطاء. جامعة الملك سعود، 1982.
عمر، أحمد مختار. معجم اللغة العربية المعاصرة. ط1، عالم الكتب، 2008.
الفيروزآبادي. القاموس المحيط. ط8، تحقيق محمد العرقسوسي، دار الرسالة، 2005.
قدّور، أحمد. مبادئ اللسانيات. ط3، دار الفكر، 2008.
مجمع اللغة العربية بالقاهرة. المعجم الوسيط. ط4، مكتبة الشروق الدولية، 2004.
al-Ḥaǧǧūrī, S. "Fales Friends in teaching and learning a foreign language (in Arabic): the Arabic language as a model." King Saud University, 26, 2, 2018, 145-189.
Alhasan, Muhammed Muvaffak. "Full Fales Cognates in Arabic and Turkish Languages (in Arabic). "Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, (Accepted), 2022.
Alhasan, Muhammed Muvaffak. "Morphological Deviations in Arabic Loanwords in Turkish and its Role in Semantic Ambiguity (in Arabic). "Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, (Accepted), 2021.
Al-Hashmi, S. "The Phonetics and Phonology of Arabic Loanwords in Turkish: residual effects of gutturals". PhD thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20807/
Anadolu Agancy: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr
Ar-Rajhi, Abdo. Applied Linguistics and Teaching Arabic (in Arabic). Darul-Ma'rifa Aljami'iyah, 1995.
Aṣ-Ṣāliḥ, S. Dirāsāt fi fiqh al-Luġah (in Arabic). Dar al-ʿilm lil-Malāyīn, 2009
Carroll, S. E., "On Cognates," Second Language Research, 8, 2, 1992, 93-119.
Dağarcık Yayın Kurulu, Türkçe – Arapça Sözlük, Dağarcık Yayınları, 2012.
Dominguez P. J. C. and Nerlich, B., "False friends: their origin and semantics in some selected languages". Journal of Pragmatics, 34, 2002, 1833–1849. Elsevier, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00024-3
Dursunoğlu, H., "Türkiye Türkçesindeki Arapça Sözcükler Ve Bu Sözcüklerdeki Ses Olayları", Journal of Turkish Studies, 9, 2014, 145-155. TurkishStudies, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.7028
Ercilasun, A. B. Başlangıcından yirminci yüzyıla türk dili tarihi. Akçağ Yayınları, 2004.
Goksel, A. and Kerslake, C. Turkish: A comprehensive grammar. Psychology Press, 2005.
Haqqī, S. Muʿǧam al-Alfāẓ al-ʿarabiyyah fi al-Luġah at-Turkiyyah (in Arabic), Imam Mohammed bin Suud University Press, 2005.
Hilu, J. "False friends and translation: a case study of Iraqi students of translation", al-Mustansiriya Journal of Arts, 82, 2018, 1-15.
Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʿarab (in Arabic). Dar al-Maʿārif. 1930.
İşler, E. and Özay, İ. Türkçe – Arapça kapsamlı sözlük. 5. Baskı, Fecr Yayınları, 2015.
İşler, E. Türkçe'de Anlam Kaymasına Uğrayan Arapça Kelime ve Kelime Grupları. Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı, 1997.
Johansson, S. Contrastive analysis and learner language: A corpus-based approach. University of Oslo, 2008.
Lao, Y. A. D. "First Language Interferences into English Writing Skill of the 12th Grade Students of Sma Negeri 1 Kupang in Academic Year 2017/2018." International Journal of Research-Granthaalayah, 5, 12, 2017, 33-44, Science – Zenodo, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1133564
Maǧmaʿ al-Luġah al-ʿarabiyyah bil-Qāhirah, al-Muʿǧam al-Wasīṭ (in Arabic) . 4th ed., Maktabat aš-Šurūq ad-Dawliyyah , 2004.
Omar, A. M.. Muʿǧam al-ʿarabiyyah al-Muʿaṣirah (in Arabic). 1st ed., ʿālam al-Kutub, 2008.
Özçakmak, H. "Arapça Kökenli Sözcüklerin Türkçe Öğrenmeye Etkisine Dair Öğrenci Görüşleri". Turkish Studies - Language and Literature, 14, 3, 2019, 1479-1495. TurkishStudies, DOI: 10.29228/TurkishStudies.36998
Özkan, M. Türk Dilinin Gelişme Alanları Ve Eski Anadolu Türkcesi. Filiz kitabevi, 1995.
Qaddūr, A. Mabādiʿ al-Lisaniyyaāt (in Arabic). 3rd ed., Dar al-Fikr, 2008.
Ṣīnī, M. I. and Al-Amīn, I. M. At-Taqābul al-Luġawī wa Taḥlīl al-Aẖṭāʾ (in Arabic), King Saud University press, 1982.
Türk Dil Kurumu: https://sozluk.gov.tr/
Uzun, L. and Salihoglu, U. "English-Turkish Cognates and False Cognates: Computer Programs translate compiling a Corpus and Testing How They." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 45, 4, 2009, 569-593. De Gruyter, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10010-009-0031-5
Yetkin, N. "Partial false friends in English - Turkish translations: diplomatic texts." Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28, 1, 2011, 207-222. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/huefd/issue/41212/505390
Yılmaz, N. D. E. "Ural-Altay Dilleri ve Altay Dilleri Teorisi, Türkler, c. I, 394-402, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, 2002.
Uzun, L. ; Salihoglu, U. (2009). English-Turkish Cognates and False Cognates: Compiling a Corpus and Testing How They are Translated by Computer Programs. Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 45(4), 569-593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10010-009-0031-5
*******************************************************************
الحجورى، صالح بن عياد. "النظائر المخادعة فى تعليم اللغة الأجنبية وتعلمها: اللغة العربية نموذجًا". مجلة جامعة الملك عبد العزيز – الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، 26، 2، 2018، 145-189.
الحسن، محمد موفق. "العدول الصرفي في الكلمات العربية المقترضة في اللغة التركية ودوره في الالتباس الدلالي". مجلة دراسات الجامعة الأردنية: سلسلة العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية، (مقبول للنشر)، 2021.
–––. "النظائر المخادعة الكليّة في اللغتين العربية والتركية". مجلة دراسات الجامعة الأردنية: سلسلة العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية، (مقبول للنشر)، 2022.
الراجحي، عبده. علم اللغة التطبيقي وتعليم اللغة العربية. دار المعرفة الجامعية، 1995.
حقّي، سهيل صابان. معجم الألفاظ العربية في اللغة التركية. جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود، 2005.
الصالح، صبحي. دراسات في فقه اللغة. دار العلم للملايين، 2009.
صيني، محمود إسماعيل والأمين، إسحق محمد. التقابل اللغوي وتحليل الأخطاء. جامعة الملك سعود، 1982.
عمر، أحمد مختار. معجم اللغة العربية المعاصرة. ط1، عالم الكتب، 2008.
الفيروزآبادي. القاموس المحيط. ط8، تحقيق محمد العرقسوسي، دار الرسالة، 2005.
قدّور، أحمد. مبادئ اللسانيات. ط3، دار الفكر، 2008.
مجمع اللغة العربية بالقاهرة. المعجم الوسيط. ط4، مكتبة الشروق الدولية، 2004.
How to Cite
Alhasan, Muhammed Muvaffak. 2023. “Partial False Cognates Between Arabic and Turkish Languages”. ANSAQ Journal 6 (2). https://doi.org/10.29117/Ansaq.2022.0162.
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