Qurʾānic Studies and Natural Sciences: A Methodological Interdisciplinary Approach and its Intellectual Gains
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Dec 27, 2023
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Abstract
The interdisciplinary relationship between Qurʾānic studies and natural sciences has a long history, but it has always been challenging due to the significant differences in epistemology, language, and methodology. These fundamental differences make interdisciplinary research between these two paradigms complicated. A methodological approach to the most important types of relations between these two paradigms can make this complex path smoother and reduce the epistemological errors of research. In this study, we will first explore the concept of methodological interdisciplinarity by examining the theoretical literature produced by experts in interdisciplinary studies. Next, using a descriptive-analytical method, we will examine the most significant interdisciplinary research in the field of Qurʾānic studies and natural sciences. By categorizing and ranking these studies, we will identify and introduce three intellectual achievements–methodological interdisciplinarity aims to improve the quality of results by borrowing methods or concepts from other disciplines to test hypotheses, answer research questions, or develop theories. Based on the degrees of integration and the relation between Qurʾānic studies and natural sciences, the following three main achievements can be listed: First, developing theological insights for the Qurʾān. Secondly, generating exegetical insights for Qurʾānic commentators. Thirdly, generating new perspectives in natural sciences. In this way, the main achievement of interdisciplinary integration belongs to Qurʾānic studies in the first two types, while the third type generates new perspectives in natural sciences.
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Keywords
Qurʾānic StudiesNatural SciencesInterdisciplinarityIntegrationAchievements
References
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Hasan, M. K. Natural Science from the Worldview of the Qur'an: An Introduction - Volume 2. Malaysia: Institut Terjemahan & Buku Malaysia (ITBM), 2018.
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Kāshānī, Mullā Fatḥ Allāh. Manhaj al-Ṣādiqīn fī Ilzām al-mukhālifīn (in Farisi). B1, Tihrān: Chāpʹkhānah-ʼi Muḥammad Ḥasan ʻAlī, 1336H.
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Klein, J.T., & Newell, W. “Advancing interdisciplinary studies”, In J. Gaff & J. Ratcliffe, Handbook of the undergraduate curriculum: A comprehensive guide to purposes, structures, practices, and changes. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997, pp. 393-415.
Ledoux, Stephen F. “Defining natural sciences” Behavior Today, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Spring 2002), pp. 34-36.
Maʻrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. al-Tamhīd fī ʻulūm al-Qurʼān (in Arabic). B 6. Īrān: Muʼassasat al-Tamhīd, 2008.
MashKīnā, ʻlī. khuliqat Durr Qurʼān (in Farisi). tarjamahu ḥusain Nizhād, Tihrān : Daftar Nashr ʼslāmī, 1366 AH.
Naik, Zakir. The Qur'an & Modern Science: Compatible or Incompatible?, Islamic Research Foundation, AHYA Multi-Media, 2022. http://www.islamguiden.com/arkiv/quran_science.pdf
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2005. https://doi.org/10.17226/11153.
Newton, Isaac. Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Translated by Andrew Motte, 3rd ed., London: Benjamin Motte, 1729.
Pakatchi, Ahmad. Specialized Research Method. Iran: Imam Sadegh Scientific Association, 2011.
Park, Denise C., and Audrey H. Gutchess. "Aging, Cognition, and Culture: A Neuroscientific Perspective." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, No. 26 (Pergamon, July 2002): 859-867. DOI: 10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00072-6
Repko, Allen F., Szostak, Rick & Buchberger, Michelle Phillips. Introduction to Interdisciplinary Studies. 2nd ed., U.S.A: SAGE Publications, 2017.
Riḍā, Muḥammad Rshīd. Tafsīr Al-Manār (in Arabic). Bayrūt: Dār al-Maʻrifah, 1990.
Sḥābī, yad Allāh. khuliqat Insān (in Farisi). Īrān, shrkt shāmā intishār, 1375AH.
Steve Earle, Physical Geology. Gabriola Island: BC campus, 2015. https://pita.ess.washington.edu/tswanson/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/10/Physical-Geology_StephenEarle.pdf
Ṭabarsī, Faḍl ibn Ḥusayn. Majmaʻ al-Bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʼān (in Arabic). taqdīm Muḥsin al-Amīn al-ʻĀmilī, B 2; 15. Bayrūt: Muʼassasat al-Aʻlamī, 1995.
Ṭabāṭabāʼī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʼān (in Arabic). B1; 15; 19. Īrān, Qum: Manshūrāt Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn fī al-Ḥawzah al-ʻIlmīyah, 1417AH.
Waldeck, Roger. Methods and Interdisciplinarity, Vol. 1, UK, U.S.A: ISTE Ltd and John Wiley, 2019.
Zellentin, Holger M. "Purity and Punishment in the Qur'an", In Bernhard Palme and Holger M. Zellentin, Law Beyond Israel: From the Bible to the Qur'an. U K: Oxford University Press, 2022.https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199675579.003.0005
****************************************************************************************************
سحابی، يد الله. خلقت انسان، إيران، شركت سهامی انتشار، 1375هـ
كاشاني، ملا فتح الله. منهج الصادقين في إلزام المخالفين. تهران: جابخانه محمد حسن علي، 1336ه.
مشکینی، علی. خلقت در قرآن، ترجمه حسین نژاد. دفتر نشر اسلامی، 1366هـ.
مكارم شيرازي، ناصر. تفسير نمونه، تهران: دار الكتب الإسلامية، 1415هـ.
*******************************************************************************************************
جوهری، طنطاوی. الجواهر في تفسير القرآن الكريم. بيروت: دار إحياء التراث العربي، 1412ه.
الذَّهبي، محمد حسن. التفسير والمفسرون. القاهرة: دار الكتب الحديثة.
رضا، محمد رشید. تفسير المنار. بيروت: دار المعرفة، 1990.
طباطبائي، محمد حسين. الميزان في تفسير القرآن. إيران، قم: منشورات جماعة المدرسين في الحوزة العلمية، 1417ه.
طبرسي، فضل بن حسين. مجمع البيان في تفسير القرآن، تقديم محسن الأمين العاملي. بيروت: مؤسسة الأعلمي، 1995.
الطبري، محمد بن جرير. تفسير الطبري: جامع البيان في تأويل القرآن، تحقيق عبد الله تركي. القاهرة: دار هجر، 2001.
الرازي، فخر الدين. محمد بن عمر. التفسير الكبير. بيروت: دار إحياء التراث العربي، 1999.
معرفة، محمد هادي. التمهيد في علوم القرآن. إيران: مؤسسة التمهيد، 2008.
Aldhdhahby, Muḥammad Ḥasan. al-tafsīr wa-al-mufassirūn (in Arabic). B 2, al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Kutub al-ḥadīthah.
Alṭṭabry, Muḥammad ibn Jarīr. tafsīr al-Ṭabarī: Jāmiʻ al-Bayān fī Taʼwīl al-Qurʼān (in Arabic). taḥqīq ʻAbd Allāh Turkī, B 20; 5. al-Qāhirah: Dār Hajar, 2001.
Barati, Gholamreza. “Scientific Explanation of Mountains Movement on verse 88 of Surah al-Naml from the Noble Qur'an”, Journal of Interdisciplinary Quranic Studies, Vol.1, No. 2 (December 2022), pp. 195-209.
Barr, Stephen M. Astudent's guide to natural science, Delaware: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2006.
Bruun, Henrik et al. Promoting interdisciplinary research: The case of the Academy of Finland, Helsinki: Publications of the Academy of Finland, 2005.
Bunch, Ted E. et al. “A Tunguska sized airburst destroyed Tall el Hammam a Middle Bronze Age city in the Jordan Valley near the Dead Sea”, Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97778-3
Darzi, Ghasem., Gharamaleki, Ahad Faramarz & Pahlevan, Mansour. “Typologies of Quranic interdisciplinary studies”, Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, Vol. 5, No. 4 (2013): pp. 73-102. DOI:10.7508/isih.2014.20.004
Fakhr Rāzī, Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar. al-tafsīr al-kabīr (in Arabic). B 24. Bayrūt: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, 1999.
Golshani, M. "The Holy Quran and the Sciences of Nature." Accessed August 23, 2022, at https://www.al-islam.org/holy-quran-and-sciences-nature-mehdi-golshani.
Golshani, Mehdi. “The Holy Quran and the Sciences of Nature”, Islamic Propagation Organization, Accessed August 23, 2022, at https://www.al-islam.org/holy-quran-and-sciences-nature-mehdi-golshani.
Guo, Rongxing. “Studying borders, evaluating border effects”. In R. Q. Grafton, D. Shaw, & T. Kompas, Cross-Border Resource Management, Third Edition. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018.
Gutchess, Angela and Boduroglu, Aysecan. "Culture, Cognition, and Aging", In Sussan K. Whitbourne, the Encyclopedia of Adulthood and Aging. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2015, pp. 1-5. DOI:10.1002/9781118521373.wbeaa210
Hasan, M. K. Natural Science from the Worldview of the Qur'an: An Introduction - Volume 2. Malaysia: Institut Terjemahan & Buku Malaysia (ITBM), 2018.
Iqbal, Muhammad. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Pakistan: Iqbal Academy, 1930.
Jwhrī, ṭnṭāwī. al-Jawāhir fī tafsīr al-Qurʼān al-Karīm. (in Arabic). Bayrūt: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, 1412AH.
Kāshānī, Mullā Fatḥ Allāh. Manhaj al-Ṣādiqīn fī Ilzām al-mukhālifīn (in Farisi). B1, Tihrān: Chāpʹkhānah-ʼi Muḥammad Ḥasan ʻAlī, 1336H.
Klein, J.T. "Taxonomy of Interdisciplinarity", In: Robert Frodeman, et al. (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity, New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Klein, J.T. Interdisciplinarity: History, Theory and Practice. Deteroit: Wayne State University Press, 1990.
Klein, J.T., & Newell, W. “Advancing interdisciplinary studies”, In J. Gaff & J. Ratcliffe, Handbook of the undergraduate curriculum: A comprehensive guide to purposes, structures, practices, and changes. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1997, pp. 393-415.
Ledoux, Stephen F. “Defining natural sciences” Behavior Today, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Spring 2002), pp. 34-36.
Maʻrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. al-Tamhīd fī ʻulūm al-Qurʼān (in Arabic). B 6. Īrān: Muʼassasat al-Tamhīd, 2008.
MashKīnā, ʻlī. khuliqat Durr Qurʼān (in Farisi). tarjamahu ḥusain Nizhād, Tihrān : Daftar Nashr ʼslāmī, 1366 AH.
Naik, Zakir. The Qur'an & Modern Science: Compatible or Incompatible?, Islamic Research Foundation, AHYA Multi-Media, 2022. http://www.islamguiden.com/arkiv/quran_science.pdf
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2005. https://doi.org/10.17226/11153.
Newton, Isaac. Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Translated by Andrew Motte, 3rd ed., London: Benjamin Motte, 1729.
Pakatchi, Ahmad. Specialized Research Method. Iran: Imam Sadegh Scientific Association, 2011.
Park, Denise C., and Audrey H. Gutchess. "Aging, Cognition, and Culture: A Neuroscientific Perspective." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, No. 26 (Pergamon, July 2002): 859-867. DOI: 10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00072-6
Repko, Allen F., Szostak, Rick & Buchberger, Michelle Phillips. Introduction to Interdisciplinary Studies. 2nd ed., U.S.A: SAGE Publications, 2017.
Riḍā, Muḥammad Rshīd. Tafsīr Al-Manār (in Arabic). Bayrūt: Dār al-Maʻrifah, 1990.
Sḥābī, yad Allāh. khuliqat Insān (in Farisi). Īrān, shrkt shāmā intishār, 1375AH.
Steve Earle, Physical Geology. Gabriola Island: BC campus, 2015. https://pita.ess.washington.edu/tswanson/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2018/10/Physical-Geology_StephenEarle.pdf
Ṭabarsī, Faḍl ibn Ḥusayn. Majmaʻ al-Bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʼān (in Arabic). taqdīm Muḥsin al-Amīn al-ʻĀmilī, B 2; 15. Bayrūt: Muʼassasat al-Aʻlamī, 1995.
Ṭabāṭabāʼī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʼān (in Arabic). B1; 15; 19. Īrān, Qum: Manshūrāt Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn fī al-Ḥawzah al-ʻIlmīyah, 1417AH.
Waldeck, Roger. Methods and Interdisciplinarity, Vol. 1, UK, U.S.A: ISTE Ltd and John Wiley, 2019.
Zellentin, Holger M. "Purity and Punishment in the Qur'an", In Bernhard Palme and Holger M. Zellentin, Law Beyond Israel: From the Bible to the Qur'an. U K: Oxford University Press, 2022.https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199675579.003.0005
****************************************************************************************************
سحابی، يد الله. خلقت انسان، إيران، شركت سهامی انتشار، 1375هـ
كاشاني، ملا فتح الله. منهج الصادقين في إلزام المخالفين. تهران: جابخانه محمد حسن علي، 1336ه.
مشکینی، علی. خلقت در قرآن، ترجمه حسین نژاد. دفتر نشر اسلامی، 1366هـ.
مكارم شيرازي، ناصر. تفسير نمونه، تهران: دار الكتب الإسلامية، 1415هـ.
*******************************************************************************************************
جوهری، طنطاوی. الجواهر في تفسير القرآن الكريم. بيروت: دار إحياء التراث العربي، 1412ه.
الذَّهبي، محمد حسن. التفسير والمفسرون. القاهرة: دار الكتب الحديثة.
رضا، محمد رشید. تفسير المنار. بيروت: دار المعرفة، 1990.
طباطبائي، محمد حسين. الميزان في تفسير القرآن. إيران، قم: منشورات جماعة المدرسين في الحوزة العلمية، 1417ه.
طبرسي، فضل بن حسين. مجمع البيان في تفسير القرآن، تقديم محسن الأمين العاملي. بيروت: مؤسسة الأعلمي، 1995.
الطبري، محمد بن جرير. تفسير الطبري: جامع البيان في تأويل القرآن، تحقيق عبد الله تركي. القاهرة: دار هجر، 2001.
الرازي، فخر الدين. محمد بن عمر. التفسير الكبير. بيروت: دار إحياء التراث العربي، 1999.
معرفة، محمد هادي. التمهيد في علوم القرآن. إيران: مؤسسة التمهيد، 2008.
How to Cite
Darzi, Ghasem. 2023. “Qurʾānic Studies and Natural Sciences: A Methodological Interdisciplinary Approach and Its Intellectual Gains”. Tajseer Journal 5 (2):233-55. https://doi.org/10.29117/tis.2023.0144.
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