إشكالية المعنى في ضوء النظرية السّياقية

Abstract

Meaning is a main issue in human speech. It is the intended purpose of any linguistic system; meanwhile the other linguistic levels (phonetic, morphological and syntactic ones) are bearings of meaning, and a basic means of communication. Because of the ambiguous and changing nature of meaning, there was a strong need to study this important component of the human tongue, and that have leaded to the emergence of Semantics, which has discussed the issues of meaning with a set of cognitive mechanisms that allowed searching in meaning and reach more accurate and objective results. Because of the vitality of the (meaning), it has been attracted by other disciplines , such as semiotics, pragmatics etc… . However, these cognitive fields have agreed on considering the context as the best means to discover the connotations in the human discourse, even if it is named differently as situation, position, proof, index ect .. But they all indicate the importance of the conditions of communication in the framing a speech , and understanding of the its meaning and significance. In this paper is an attempt to highlight the context within three approaches: the traditional one which inspired the efforts of the old Arab linguists, and scholars of Islamic Principles of jurisprudence. Then the linguistic approach especially the Firth approach, and finally the pragmatic approach which interested strongly in the context issues in framing and analyzing discourse .